The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cognitive behavioral impairment, induced by nicotine in offspring rats, was associated with the alteration of hippocampal short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) and to discuss the potential underlying mechanism. Young adult offspring rats were randomly divided into three groups. The groups include: control group (CC...

Introduction: The Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that leads to memory impairment. As the oxidative stress plays an important role in AD pathogenesis, the current study aimed at examining the protective effects of Cyperus Rotundus as an antioxidant on amyloid β (Aβ) -induced memory impairment.   Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar male rats received intrahipp...

When constructing parametric models to predict the cost of future claims, several important details have be taken into account: (1) should designed accommodate deductibles, policy limits, and coinsurance factors; (2) parameters estimated robustly control influence outliers on model predictions; (3) all point predictions augmented with estimates their uncertainty. The methodology proposed in thi...

In a packet switching system, arriving packets have variable lengths. They are segmented into fixed size cells before being switched. In packet-mode scheduling, cells from a packet should be delivered contiguously. Even though fixed-size cell scheduling has been well studied, packet-mode scheduling has more advantages: it has a lower implementation cost and higher throughput. In this paper, we ...

This study determined whether developmental and adult 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) exposures in rats have interactive effects on body temperature, learning, other behaviors, and monoamine concentrations in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum. Learning was assessed in the Cincinnati water maze (CWM), Morris water maze (MWM), and novel object recognition (NOR). On acquisi...

AIMS The effect of an antiepileptic drug on cognitive function is of primary importance with respect to the patient's quality of life. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel antiepileptic drug used to treat epilepsy, but its effects on spatial and emotional learning and memory are not yet well understood. The goal of our study was to establish the effects of LEV (17 and 54 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)...

In contact sports, repetitive concussive brain injury (rCBI) is the prevalent form of head injury seen in athletes. The need for effective treatment is urgent as rCBI has been associated with a host of cognitive, behavioral and neurological complaints. There has been a growing trend in the use of female animals in pre-clinical research, but few studies have investigated possible sex differences...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and there is currently no efficient cure for this devastating disease. Cognitive stimulation can delay memory loss during aging and in patients with mild cognitive impairment. In 3 × Tg-AD mice, training decreased the neuropathologies with transient amelioration of memory decline. However, the neurobiological mechanisms unde...

The fixed oil of black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa L. (NSO), has shown considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its subsequent cognitive impairment in which oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the principal culprits. Cerebrovascular hypoperfusion was expe...