background: to analyze the dosimetric and radio biologic advantages between intensity modulated radiotherapy (imrt) and 3 dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3dcrt) and selection of optimal photon energy for imrt treatments. material and methods: 24 patients with localized prostate carcinoma were planned for 3dcrt and imrt techniques. radiation dose of 54 gy with 2 gy/fraction, was planned to p...

The transport of L-sets along an L-relation R is considered, with L any residuated lattice, sometimes with further properties as to be a frame or an MV-algebra. Pairs of powerset operators related to R are considered and their basic properties are studied in a comprehensive discussion including some results already known. A few examples and suggestions for application and further development ar...

We connect Lukasiewicz logic, a well-established many-valued logic, with weighted logics, recently introduced by Droste and Gastin. We use this connection to show that for formal series with coefficients in semirings derived from MValgebras, recognizability and definability in a fragment of second order Lukasiewicz logic coincide.

chordomas are low-grade malignant tumors of bone that occur almost exclusively in the axial  skeleton. chordomas are rare in children and adolescents and comprise