Random sampling is a well-known technique for approximate processing of large datasets. We introduce a set of algorithms for incremental maintenance of large random samples on secondary storage. We show that the sample maintenance cost can be reduced by refreshing the sample in a deferred manner. We introduce a novel type of log file which follows the intuition that only a “sample” of the opera...

abstract introduction: psychodrama, as a form of art therapy, helps people to enact and use role-plays for a specific problem, rather than just talking about it, in an effort to review the problem, gain feedback from group members, find appropriate solutions, and practice them for their life. the current paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama therapy on the reduction of depr...

CONTEXT The effectiveness of the long-term monitoring of errors detected by frozen section-permanent section correlation is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine factors important in laboratory improvement in frozen section-permanent section discordant and deferral rates by participation in a multi-institutional continuous quality improvement program. DESIGN Participants in the College of America...

A Distributed Real-time Active Database System (DRTADBS) reacts to the critical events occurred in the external environment by triggering of transactions. In this paper, the priority and deadline assignment to triggered transactions under two coupling modes, the deferred and immediate, in a DRTADBS is discussed. Two new approaches, the data state dependent (DSD) and the transaction-data deadlin...

Although private pension plans are thought of primarily as a source of cash income for the elderly, they typically serve other functions as well . For example, they usually contain early retirement features and often provide pensions to workers who lose their jobs because of disability . The high proportion of pension plans with disability retirement features is dramatized in data from the Bure...

VALUATION AND HEDGING OF THE RUIN-CONTINGENT LIFE ANNUITY This paper analyzes a type of mortality contingent-claim called a ruin-contingent life annuity (RCLA). This product is essentially a stand-alone version of the option embedded inside of a variable annuity, but without the buyer having to hand-over investment assets to the insurance company. The annuitant’s (i.e. long position) payoff fro...

Web resources are increasingly interactive, resulting in resources that are increasingly difficult to archive. The archival difficulty is based on the use of client-side technologies (e.g., JavaScript) to change the client-side state of a representation after it has initially loaded. We refer to these representations as deferred representations. We can better archive deferred representations us...