Over the period from 1979 to 2001, tropospheric trends derived from a widely cited analysis of the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) temperature record show little or no warming, while surface temperature trends based on in situ observations show a pronounced warming of ;0.2 K decade21. This discrepancy between trends at the surface and in the upper atmosphere has been a source of significant debat...

NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research has been reprocessing and recalibrating the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) observations to generate atmospheric temperature dataset with climate quality. So far, observations from the MSU channels 2, 3, and 4 for NOAA 10, 11, 12, and 14 have been recalibrated using a recently-developed SNO (simultaneously nadir overpasses) sequential non...

Lower tropospheric temperature anomalies from the global satellite MSU that have been available since 1979 are unique and play a significant role in the continuing climate debate. A number of investigators have analyzed the MSU data using regression analysis to remove the geophysical effects of volcanoes, El Niño/Southern Oscillation, and solar irradiance in an effort to determine any underlyin...

First evidence for direct two-proton radioactivity has been observed in the decay of the first excited state of Ne. The decay is in competition with the -decay back to the ground state of Ne and from the branching ratio the lifetime for the two-proton decay is estimated to be 0.9 ps. The proton-proton angular distribution is statistically not significant to observe any correlations. The first e...

Retrievals of tropospheric temperature trends from data of the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) are subject to biases related to the strong cooling of the stratosphere during the past few decades. The magnitude of this stratospheric contamination in various retrievals is estimated using stratospheric temperature trend profiles based on observations. It is found that from 1979 to 2001 the stratosph...

[1] We validate the temperature climatology recorded by the Microwave Sounding Unit with GPS occultation data collected by the GPS/MET experiment. We choose to validate only the lower stratospheric MSU climatology in order to circumvent the wet-dry ambiguity associated with GPS occultation in the midto lower troposphere. We simulate the lower stratospheric channel’s brightness temperature by co...

[1] Tropical atmospheric temperatures in different tropospheric layers are retrieved using satellite-borne Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) observations. We find that tropospheric temperature trends in the tropics are greater than the surface warming and increase with height. Our analysis indicates that the near-zero trend from Spencer and Christy’s MSU channel-2 angular scanning retrieval for the...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a non-expensive, easy and fast technique (direct micro swim-up) for sperm preparation in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments without the use of centrifuge. METHODS We carried out a multicentric study in which a total of 140 ICSI-cycles were included. Sibling oocytes were divided into two groups according to semen p...

Gout is a form of crystal arthropathy where monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposit and elicit inflammation in a joint. Diagnosis of gout relies on identification of MSU crystals under a compensated polarized light microscope (CPLM) in synovial fluid aspirated from the patient's joint. The detection of MSU crystals by optical microscopy is enhanced by their birefringent properties. However, CPL...

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in the elderly. In the last two decades, both hyperuricemia and gout have increased markedly and similar trends in the epidemiology of the metabolic syndrome have been observed. Recent studies provide new insights into the transporters that handle uric acid in the kidney as well as possible links between these transporters, hyperuricemia, a...