Memory impairment is especially prominent within the spectrum of cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS), and a crucial role for hippocampal pathology may therefore be expected in this disease. This study is the first to systematically assess hippocampal demyelination in MS. Hippocampal tissue samples of 19 chronic MS cases and 7 controls with non-neurologic disease were stained immunohis...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that causes inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging presents high resolution and good differentiation between brain tissues and is considered the gold standard for detection and evolution assessment of MS lesions. Registration of MR clinical images (T1/T2/PD...

A modified Delphi process assessed current multiple sclerosis (MS) practice patterns for secondary and primary progressive MS (secondary progressive MS [SPMS] and primary progressive MS [PPMS]). In early 2011, 2 sequential, case-based surveys were administered to 75 US MS specialists to assess treatment practices and patient management. Respondents were from geographically diverse US academic (...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) sequences are sensitive for detecting lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). More rapid fast-FLAIR imaging of the brain can be achieved by the concomitant use of half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE-FLAIR) and echo-planar imaging (EPI-FLAIR). The present study was performed in a large cohor...

Failure of remyelination is largely responsible for sustained neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS lesions contain hyaluronan deposits that inhibit oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) maturation. However, the mechanism behind this inhibition is unclear. We report here that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is expressed by oligodendrocytes and is up-regulated in MS lesions. Pathogen-der...

OBJECTIVES We used an optimized echo-planar pulse sequence for isotropically weighted diffusion imaging (1) to measure mean diffusivity (D) in lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in the entire brain from patients with mildly disabling relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), (2) to compare the D of NAWM from patients with that of white matter from normal controls, (3) to evalua...

In the longitudinal study of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, varying position of the patient inside the MRI scanner is one of the major sources of assessment errors. We propose to use analytical indices that are invariant to spatial orientation to describe the lesions, rather than focus on patient repositioning or image realignment. Studies were made on simulated lesions systematically rotated...

It is generally accepted that conventional T2weighted MR imaging (T2WI) is sensitive in revealing macroscopic multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Nonetheless, the definitive diagnosis of MS remains clinical (1). Although MR imaging remains the best diagnostic test for the workup of MS, several studies have shown only modest correlations between the clinical neurologic deficits and lesion count mea...

Background and objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive technique to detect multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques in central nervous system. In some cases, the patients who were suspected to MS, Whereas MRI images are normal, but whether patients don’t have MS plaques or MRI images are not enough optimized enough in order to show MS plaques? The aim of the current study is ...

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has improved the diagnosis and management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief, sensitive test that has been recommended by National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke and Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS-CSN) as a reliable tool to detect mild cognitive impairments. This study aimed to eva...