Purpose Generally, humanoid robots usually suffer significant impact force when walking or running in a non-predefined environment that could easily damage the actuators due to high stiffness. In recent years, utilization of passive compliant series elastic (SEA) for driving humanoid's joints has proved capability many aspects so far. However, despite being widely applied biped robot research f...

In this article, an enhanced model reference adaptive control (EMRAC) algorithm is used to design a generic lateral-tracking controller for vehicle. This EMRAC different from the in literature as it adopts ?-modification approach bind gain of switching action. Moreover, extended Lyapunov theory discontinuous systems analytically prove ultimate boundedness closed-loop system when action bounded ...

Abstract Late watergrass [ Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss.] has evolved multiple-resistance (MR) to herbicides in many areas worldwide and scientists wonder if this resistance imposed fitness cost or advantage on the resistant biotypes. As of weed also been recorded Greece, one susceptible (S), with ALS (penoxsulam, bispyribac, imazamox nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron) ACCase-cyhalofop (MRAC) ...

It has become a feasible green building development strategy to prepare recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) by processing construction and demolition (C&D) wastes into coarse (RCA). On the other hand, defects such as low strength easy cracking of RAC seriously limit its application in materials. In this paper, RCA was strengthened pre-coated nano-silica (NS) slurry improve performance. The ef...

The design of most adaptive control schemes is based on the certainty equivalence approach. According to this approach, a control law that can meet the control objective is first developed assuming the plant parameters are exactly known. Then, an adaptive law for estimating the unknown parameters of a certain plant parameterization in chosen to generate on-line estimates which are then u...

Objective: Acid-base disorders (ABDs) are usually correlated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to analyze the causes, outcomes, types and incidences of ABDs in patients presenting at the emergency department (ED). Material and Methods: We prospectively analyzed data from patients who presented between January 2011 and May 2011. Data on age, gender, chie...

Convergence of controller parameters in standard model reference adaptive control (MRAC) requires the system states to be persistently exciting (PE), a restrictive condition to be verified online. A recent data-driven approach, concurrent learning, uses information-rich past data concurrently with the standard parameter update laws to guarantee parameter convergence without the need of the PE c...