today bleach and detergents are being frequently used and some people use their mixture for more cleaning. because of chemical interaction of bleach and detergent, chlorine gas was released and thereby it could be dangerous for human health. this study examined the effects of exposed toxic mixture of bleach and detergent on the mucosa layer and lamina mucosa conjunctiva in the mice. in this stu...

Background: This paper reports a case of pemphigus vulgaris in middle-aged male with oral lesions and skin eruptions
 Objective: To highlight the complications prolonged steroid therapy.
 Case Report
 A 48-year old presented an eight-month history recurrent mouth ulcers. There was positive cutaneous ulcers on upper extremities, back genital areas. Patient had been placed long ter...

statement of the problem burning mouth syndrome (bms) is a condition presented with burning sensation without any pathologic changes of oral mucosa. since there are no accurate diagnostic criteria and because symptoms are so variable the studies have shown different prevalence. limited studies have been performed to estimate prevalence, of bms in iran and worldwide. purpose this research was co...

background and aims. burning mouth syndrome (bms) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by a chief complaint of oral burning/pain with no clinically observable oral mucosal lesions. the prevalence of bms has been reported to be 2.5-5.1% in the general population and several psychological disorders have been reported as associated or predisposing factors for bms. the aim of this study was to ...

Introduction: A potentially malignant oral lesion (PMOL) refers to a morphologically altered tissue that has higher likelihood of developing cancer compared its apparently normal counterpart. Among PMOLs, leukoplakia is the most common found in mucosa. The aim study evaluate clinical characteristics lesions by comparing with histopathological diagnosis. Method: included descriptive analysis dat...

Low-Level Laser therapy (LLLT) was employed for the treatment of three patients diagnosed with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU’s). The presented in region floor mouth and buccal mucosa. RAU’s were provided a wavelength of946nm starting use at 320µm fibre optic distance 1-3 mm, peak power 2W, frequency 10 Hz no tissue contact circular motion from outside to inside 2 cycles 100% duty 30s 3 consecu...

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an uncommon disorder characterized by persistent enlargement of the soft tissues lips, oral mucosa, and area around mouth. It has uncertain etiology, but relationship with metal allergy, odontogenic infection, Crohn’s disease been reported. We report on 24 patients OFG we experienced in past 19 years between 2004 2022. They were all diagnosed histological exami...

Oral microbiota is among the most assorted in human body. In excess of 700 species have been distinguished mouth, and new sequencing techniques are permitting us to find significantly more species. The life structures oral cavity not same as that other body locales. has mucosal surfaces (the tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, palate), hard tissues teeth), exocrine organ tissue (major minor salivar...

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise any disorders, tumors, in addition to microscopic alterations that have a risk of development cancers the mouth. When epithelial dysplasia is detected an oral lesion, it termed as precancerous lesion. Finding: Several changes color or thickness normal mucosa might be during clinical diagnosis lesions. Leukoplakia cavity name for ...

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic progressive debilitating disease of oral cavity leading to the stiffness of oral mucosa, burning and trismus resulting in marked rigidity, and an inability to open the mouth. As the medical treatment of OSMF is yet not standardized, the purpose of the present case study was to explore the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in pa...