Introduction The accurate definition of urban sprawl may be debated but a general consensus is that urban sprawl is characterized by an unplanned and uneven pattern of growth, driven by multitude of processes and leading to inefficient resource utilization. Urban sprawl has become a pejorative term without any serious examination of its qualities or benefits and without any critical analysis of...

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) often results in a number of short- and long-time side effects including memory impairment for past and current events, which can last for several months after ECT treatment. It has been suggested that unilateral ECT (uECT) with electrodes placed over the non-dominant (typically right) hemisphere significantly reduces side effects, especially memory disturbances....

We previously found a dominant eye perceptional advantage in feature search (Vision Research, 2006). We now ask if this advantage extends to difficult conjunction search, which requires focused attention and depends on different cortical hierarchy levels. We determined eye dominance by the Hole-in-the-Card test. Using red-green glasses, subjects viewed a briefly presented, backward-masked, arra...

The most dramatic example of experience-dependent cortical plasticity is the shift in ocular dominance that occurs in visual cortex as a consequence of monocular deprivation during early postnatal life. Many of the basic properties of this type of synaptic plasticity have been described in detail. The important challenge that remains is to understand the molecular basis for these properties. By...

Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity together refine neural circuitry, but their interactions are unclear. In most existing models, each form of plasticity directly modifies synaptic strength. Equilibrium is reached when the two are inducing equal and opposite changes. We show that such models cannot reproduce ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) because negative feedback from the slow homeostatic p...

We introduce the problem of Weak Dominance Drawing for general directed acyclic graphs and we show the connection with the linear extension diameter of a partial order P . We present complexity results and bounds.

Cancer is the third most common cause of death following cardiovascular disease and accident (Mohebbi et al., 2008; Moradpour and Fatemi, 2013) and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are the most frequent cancers among males and second to females’ breast cancer in Iran (Mohebbi et al., 2011). The epidemiological characteristic of upper GI cancer has markedly changed over recent decades so that oesop...