We study the influence of filament elasticity on the motion of collective molecular motors. It is found that for a backbone flexibility exceeding a characteristic value (motor stiffness divided through the mean displacement between attached motors), the ability of motors to produce force reduces as compared to rigidly coupled motors, while the maximum velocity remains unchanged. The forceveloci...

Abstract Knowledge of steady-state processes of induction motors is critical in the understanding of their operating principle. In addition to the vast, systematic theories in literature, computer simulations provide a keen insight to the mechanism. Suitable modeling methods enable motors to be simulated with various parameters. Many phenomena can be predicted without hardware experimentation. ...

The " Molecular Motors " Minisymposium focused mainly on the microtubule-based motors kinesin and dynein and a class V myosin. A common feature of all these motors is that they move processively on their track, meaning that the motor can take multiple steps without dissociating. A common theme of the Minisymposium was motor function in a complex intracellular environment. Kathy Trybus (Universi...

Perhaps the most fascinating proteins that associate with the cytoskeleton are the molecular motors called motor proteins. These remarkable proteins bind to a polarized cytoskeletal filament and use the energy derived from repeated cycles of ATP hydrolysis to move steadily along it. Dozens of different motor proteins coexist in every eucaryotic cell. They differ in the type of filament they bin...

Peter Hänggi1,∗, Fabio Marchesoni2, and Franco Nori3,4 1 Universität Augsburg, Institut für Physik, Universitätsstrasse 1, 86135 Augsburg, Germany 2 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy 3 Frontier Research System, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan 4 Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, U...

We review the literature on the energetics of Brownian motors, distinguishing between forced ratchets, chemical motors – driven out of equilibrium by differences of chemical potential, and thermal motors – driven by temperature differences. The discussion is focused on the definition of efficiency and the compatibility between the models and the laws of thermodynamics. PACS 05.40.-a; 05.70.lw

Firstly, this article establishes the mathematical models and speed principles of brushless DC motors. Next, it designs fuzzy PID controllers and current adjustors based on the adjusting speed theory and characteristics of brushless DC motors, which form double closed-loops to achieve intellectualized adjustment of brushless DC motors, creating the best effects simultaneously.

The microtubule-based kinesin motors and actin-based myosin motors generate motions associated with intracellular trafficking, cell division, and muscle contraction. Early studies suggested that these molecular motors work by very different mechanisms. Recently, however, it has become clear that kinesin and myosin share a common core structure and convert energy from adenosine triphosphate into...

Cooperative cargo transport by two molecular motors involves an elastic motor-motor coupling, which can reduce the motors' velocity and/or enhance their unbinding from the filament. We show theoretically that these interference effects lead, in general, to four distinct transport regimes. In addition to a weak coupling regime, kinesin and dynein motors are found to exhibit a strong coupling and...

We review the properties of biological motor proteins which move along linear filaments that are polar and periodic. The physics of the operation of such motors can be described by simple stochastic models which are coupled to a chemical reaction. We analyze the essential features of force and motion generation and discuss the general properties of single motors in the framework of two-state mo...