Both reward- and punishment-related stimuli are motivationally salient and attract the attention of animals. However, it remains unclear how motivational salience is processed in the brain. Here, we show that both reward- and punishment-predicting stimuli elicited robust bursting of many noncholinergic basal forebrain (BF) neurons in behaving rats. The same BF neurons also responded with simila...

Motivational interviewing (MI) is an effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) that focuses on resolving ambivalence and increasing commitment to positive behavior change. Although MI has a well-developed clinical theory, research findings have been mixed in supporting its view of how change occurs. The primary aim of this pilot study was to test hypothesized MI active ingredients ...

The research was concerned with the study of motivation for creativity. The goal was to assess motivation for creativity in design students based on the Cognitive Orientation theory which defines motivation as a function of a set of themes identified as relevant for creativity. It was expected to find differences in the scores of the themes between more creative and less creative students, as a...

Evidence-based practices, such as motivational interviewing (MI), are not widely used in community alcohol and drug treatment settings. Successfully broadening the dissemination of MI will require numerous trainers and supervisors who are equipped to manage common barriers to technology transfer. The aims of the our survey of 36 MI trainers were: 1) to gather opinions about the optimal format, ...

This study examined the extent to which hypnotic susceptibility could be modified by means of various types of information modeled on a videotape. Of particular interest was the extent to which hypnotizability could be altered for the initially less susceptible S. Two major informational components were compared: (a) behavioral modeling cues, in which 5s observed a model acquiesce to seven hypn...

BACKGROUND Worker safety education using models that identify and reinforce factors affecting behavior is essential. The present study aimed to determine the effect of safety education based on motivational interviewing on awareness of, attitudes toward, and engagement in worker safety in the glass production industry in Hamedan, Iran, in 2014. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental interventi...

It is becoming increasingly appreciated that affective influences can contribute strongly to goal-oriented cognition and behavior. However, much work is still needed to properly characterize these influences and the mechanisms by which they contribute to cognitive processing. An important question concerns the nature of emotional manipulations (i.e., direct induction of affectively valenced sub...

This study describes and provides results from a process evaluation of a lay health advisor (LHA) model to enhance participation in a clinical trial of the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on smoking cessation in college fraternity and sorority members. The implementation of the model had two phases: (a) the selection and training of LHAs as liaisons between research staff and partici...