nitric oxide (no) is thought to be involved in spatial learning and memory in several brain areas such as hippocampus. this study examined the effects of post-training intrahippocampal microinjections of 1400w as a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) inhibitor on spatial memory, in both anesthetized and non-anesthetized situations in rats. in the present work, 4-day training trials...

BACKGROUND Chronic oxidative stress and inflammation severely affect the normal physiology of neurons and lead to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Polyphenols proved a boon in the prevention of dementia due to their antioxidant and neuroprotective potential. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a natural polyphenolic compound attributed with antioxidant, immunomod...

Background: Excitotoxicity is a common pathological process in neurodegenerative diseases associated with overactivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and P/Q type voltage-gated calcium (Cav2.1) channels. Omega-lycotoxin-Gsp2671g is a therapeutic tool to modulate overactive Cav2.1 (P/Q type) channels. Omega-lycotoxin binds to Cav2.1 channels with high affinity and selectivity. This study aimed t...

AIM To investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) of noggin on rat spatial learning and memory. METHODS Expression of noggin mRNA was measured by in situ hybridization method and the ability to spatial learning and memory was tested with Morris water maze. RESULTS Compared with control rats, noggin mRNA positive neurons in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 region of hippocampus we...

There is little literature addressing the influences of the repeated Morris water maze (MWM) test on behavioral performance under physiological and neurodegenerative conditions. The results revealed that pretraining had distinctively different effects on MWM performances of vehicle control mice and Alzheimer's disease model mice induced by ovariectomy plus injection of D-galactose after an 8-w ...

introduction: previous studies have shown that vitamin a and its derivatives such as retinoid and all-trans retinoic acid have a crucial role in memory, learning and synaptic plasticity. the receptors of vitamin a are seen in different parts of the brain such as hippocampus, where vitamin a has an important role in learning. in this study, the effect of intrahippocampal (ca1) injection of all –...

background: sporadic alzheimer’s disease (sad) is caused by genetic risk factors, aging and oxidative stresses. the herbal extract of rosa canina (r. canina), tanacetum vulgare (t. vulgare) and urtica dioica (u. dioica) has a beneficial role in aging, as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent. in this study, the neuroprotective effects of this herbal extract in the rat model of sad was i...

1) It is known that individual factors as cognitive, perception, emotion, and motivation may greatly influence on recovery from neurologic region. This study was to investigate the effects of environmental reinforcement through motivation to perform the tasks voluntarily on motor and cognition function in rats with focal ischemic brain injury. Focal ischemic brain injury was induced in Sprague-...

The present study examined the influence of dexefaroxan, a potent and selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, on cognitive performance in rodents. In young adult rats, dexefaroxan reversed the deficits induced by UK 14304 [5-bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1-H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-quinoxalinamine], scopolamine, and diazepam in a passive avoidance task. In this test, dexefaroxan also attenuated the spontan...