maternal nutritional status and weight gain throughout pregnancy affect the outcome of pregnancy. the objective of this study was to determine prepregnancy body mass index and total weight gain during pregnancy in women from rural areas of guilan province, iran. prenatal and obstetrical records of 480 pregnant women who attended rural health centers between 2002 and 2003 including prepregnancy ...

Introduction. World health organization estimates that more than half a million women lose their lives in the process of reproduction worldwide every year and most of these mortalities are avoidable if mothers have access to maternal health care services. Objectives. This study was conducted with objectives of determining the prevalence of utilization of maternal health care services and identi...

This paper analyzes how low skill rural-urban migration in Brazil from 1986 to 2000 led to an increase in the labor supply of high skill women living in urban areas. Using weather shocks in rural areas and the distance between rural and urban municipalities as intruments, we are able to build an exogenous migration shock by skill and gender to cities. We show that cities that received proportio...

conclusions based on our findings, it is crucial to implement well-designed educational programs to improve hypertension self-care behaviors. background an assessment of an individual’s hypertension self-care behavior may provide clinicians and practitioners with important information regarding how to better control hypertension. objectives the objective of this study was to investigate the sel...

conclusions efforts to improve vaccination coverage should be taken into account regarding the differences in the factors that contribute to the incomplete vaccination status of children in the rural and urban areas. the current study findings indicate that vaccination services especially in the urban areas need to be reassessed to ensure that all children are covered. to develop and promote ch...

regarding gender inequality in many communities, empowerment of women has become an important subject and received more attention in recent years. results of many researches show that tourism especially ecotourism affects women empowerment in its different aspects by making them interested in participating tourism activities. based on findings of previous researches, the current study aims to a...

Objectives: The difference between modern lifestyle in urban areas and the traditional way of life in rural areas may be a reason for increased prevalence of cardiovascular disorders in urban population. The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile in rural women as compared to urban women of same ethnic groups....