In this work we derive expressions for the orbital angular momentum (OAM) density of light, for both symmetric and nonsymmetric optical fields, that allow a direct comparison between theory and experiment. We present a simple method for measuring the OAM density in optical fields and test the approach on superimposed nondiffracting higher-order Bessel beams. The measurement technique makes use ...

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the effect of imperfect vector symmetry on radially polarized beams focused by an aplanatic solid immersion lens at a numerical aperture of 3.3. We experimentally achieve circularly symmetric focused spot with a full-width-half-maximum of ~λ0/5.7 at λ0 = 1,310 nm, free-space wavelength. The tight spatial confinement and overall circular symmetry o...

The regioselective polyfunctionalization of highly symmetric spherical I h -C 60 is extremely challenging and usually leads to the formation regioisomeric mixtures not amenable for high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification. Here, we pioneer use tetragonal prismatic nanocapsules perform selective Diels-Alder (DA) functionalization encapsulated using acenes. supramolecular mask allo...

We apply the tools of the fractional calculus to introduce new fractional-order beam solutions to the paraxial wave equation that can be regarded as intermediate solutions between the known integral-order solutions. We restrict our attention to the fractionalization of the elegant and standard Hermite-Gaussian beams.

A detailed model of diffraction of plane and Gaussian beams on plane uniform phase Bragg gratings based on a Kogelnik's theory of coupled waves is presented. The model describes reflecting gratings (Bragg mirrors) with arbitrary orientation in a plane-parallel plate having no material losses. It takes into account spectral width and angular divergence of laser beams. The results of modeling are...

The subcellular distribution, size, and activation state of protein kinase C (PKC) were studied after short term exposure of rabbit platelets to a saturating dose of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Cytosolic and Nonidet P-40-solubilized particulate extracts prepared from TPA-treated platelets were subjected to analytical column chromatography on Mono Q, hydroxylapatite, and Superose...

In this paper we study the long-time dynamics for non-autonomous extensible non-symmetric two-beams. The governing equations describe equilibria of an elastically-coupled two-beams system subject to damping terms and evenly compressive axial loads. Under quite general assumptions on nonlinear sources based semigroups theory monotone operators, establish existence uniqueness weak strong solution...

Vectorial vortex analysis is used to determine the polarization states of an arbitrarily polarized terahertz (0.1-1.6 THz) beam using THz achromatic axially symmetric wave (TAS) plates, which have a phase retardance of Δ = 163° and are made of polytetrafluorethylene. Polarized THz beams are converted into THz vectorial vortex beams with no spatial or wavelength dispersion, and the unknown polar...