in last 1990 decade and early 21 century due to high fluctuations in assets prices and occurring asset price bubbles, most studies in monetary economics has concentrated on the reaction of monetary policy to movement in asset prices. the purpose of this paper is to analyze the suitable reaction of monetary policy to movement in asset prices in iran. this analysis is based on the structural var ...

Atmospheric chemical disequilibrium has been proposed as a method for detecting extraterrestrial biospheres from exoplanet observations. Chemical disequilibrium is potentially a generalized biosignature since it makes no assumptions about particular biogenic gases or metabolisms. Here, we present the first rigorous calculations of the thermodynamic chemical disequilibrium in Solar System atmosp...

Most evidence about nonrandom association of alleles at different loci, or gametic disequilibrium, across extensive anonymous regions of the human genome is based on the analysis of overall disequilibrium between pairs of microsatellites. However, analysis of interallelic associations is also necessary for a more complete description of disequilibrium. Here, we report a study characterizing the...

From the outset of Monetary Union, the ECB has assigned a “prominent role” to monetary analysis in its monetary policy strategy. This article describes a number of new tools for monetary analysis that have been developed on the basis of ECB research. It discusses how these tools are used to interpret monetary developments and ultimately to offer insights that support the conduct of monetary pol...

The development of the theory of estimation of gametic disequilibrium for multiallelic systems is particularly necessary, since a large number of the genetic markers available at present are highly polymorphic multiallelic systems. The D' coefficient is one of the most commonly used measures of the extent of overall disequilibrium between all possible pairs of alleles at two multiallelic loci. ...

Estimates of instrumental rules can be utilized to describe central bank's behavior and monetary policy stance. In the last decade, considerable attention has been given to time-varying parameter (TVP) specification of monetary policy rules. Constant-parameter reaction functions likely ignore the impact of model uncertainty, shifting preferences and nonlinearities of policymaker's choices. This...

Monetary environment as the core of financial system has been functionally designed in light of the new set of extensive goals including financial stability, sustainable noninflationary growth, external sustainability, and price stability. A comprehensive monetary policy framework is proposed for Iran which systematically include the new goals, stance variables, instruments, transmission mechan...

The countercyclical monetary policy is a policy that economists recommend to adopt in order to slow down the economic fluctuations. The aim of this study is to address the question that, in the presence of fiscal dominance and considering institutional quality (IQL), what the optimal monetary policy should be during the business cycles? To find the appropriate answer, first, in the framework of...