Recent increases in the incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), a rare non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in the brain, have been noted in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients. Compared with lymphomas originating outside the central nervous system, the biology of PCNSL at the molecular or cytogenetic level has not been well characterized, yet it is important to th...

Disseminated disease, especially to the liver, constitutes the major risk of recurrence for colorectal cancer patients. However, successful resection can still be achieved in 25-35% of colorectal cancer patients with isolated metastases. To evaluate the clinical value of occult micrometastatic disease detection in lymph nodes, we tested genetic (K-ras and p53 gene mutations) and epigenetic (p16...

Extra-abdominal desmoid tumors are a significant cause of morbidity in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. Understanding of the basic biology and natural history of these tumors has increased substantially over the past decade. Accordingly, medical and surgical management of desmoid tumors has also evolved. This paper analyzes recent evidence pertaining to the epidemiology, m...

Digital squamous cell carcinoma is relatively rare and may present a diagnostic challenge by mimicking benign conditions, such as verruca vulgaris. We describe two patients with longstanding verrucous lesions of the nail bed, which proved to be squamous cell carcinoma at the histopathology examination, with molecular and cytological evidence of HPV infection. Complete excision was performed. Th...

In this paper, we attempt to quantify the prognostic information embedded in multi-parametric histologic biopsy images to predict disease aggressiveness in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers (BCa). The novel methodological contribution is in the use of a multi-field-of-view (multi-FOV) framework for integrating image-based information from differently stained histopathology slides....

Division of Biosciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom; Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Lo...

This chapter reviews the clinical presentation, histopathology, immunoprofile and molecular features of Langerhans cell neoplasms of the skin including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and its malignant counterpart, Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS). Biopsy of the skin is a useful method to confirm LCH/LCS diagnosis, as cutaneous involvement is seen in more than 50% cases. Skin can be the only p...

Learning objectives Cancer staging traditionally uses CT or MRI for detecting suspected malignant lesions with characterisation performed by histopathology following biopsy. In this “lumpology” paradigm, the number, size and location of lesions are used to determine prognosis and guide treatment strategies. To provide an educational exhibit to highlight the utility of molecular imaging to diagn...

AFX: atypical fibroxanthoma HMWK: high molecular weight keratins IHC: immunohistochemical MMS: Mohs surgery SCC: squamous cell carcinoma INTRODUCTION Poorly differentiated spindle cell neoplasms pose a diagnostic challenge for dermatopathologists because of a lack of specific morphologic features on standard histopathology. Further characterization with immunohistochemical (IHC) studies is freq...