in recent research on modelling road collisions very little attention has been paid  to rear-end chain reaction collisions, which is characterized by more than two vehicles involved in a collision at the same time. the core aim of the present research is to develop a methodology to estimate such potential collision probabilities based on a proactive perspective, where deceleration rate to avoid...

The structure of an infinitely strong shock wave (i.e., a shock wave with infinitely large upstream Mach number) is investigated on the basis of the Boltzmann equation. The velocity distribution function is expressed as a sum of a multiple of the Dirac delta function, centered at the upstream bulk velocity, and a remainder. Strong evidence that the remainder has a singularity in the molecular v...

Coherent states suitable for the description of molecular rotations are developed and their connection to similar coherent states in the literature are explored. In particular their quasiclassical properties are developed. The use of such coherent states in time-dependent electron nuclear dynamics studies of molecular collision processes is discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics. @S002...

Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) of shock interaction in hypersonic low density flow is developed. Three collision molecular models, including hard sphere (HS), variable hard sphere (VHS), and variable soft sphere (VSS), are employed in the DSMC study. The simulations of double-cone and Edney's type IV hypersonic shock interactions in low density flow are performed. Comparisons between DSMC...

A comparative study of two earlier three-state and fifteen-state [Chaudhuri et al., PramanaJ. Phys., 43, 175 (1994); ibid., Phys. Rev. A, 52, 1137 (1995)] close-coupled treatments of He-He single and double charge transfer collisions is made in this paper with a larger, 27-state close-coupled calculation. The calculations have been done using the diabatic molecular basis set used in the earlier...

At the nanoscale, chemistry can happen quite differently due to mechanical forces selectively breaking the chemical bonds of materials. The interaction between chemistry and mechanical forces can be classified as mechanochemistry. An example of archetypal mechanochemistry occurs at the nanoscale in anisotropic detonating of a broad class of layered energetic molecular crystals bonded by inter-l...

The extent to which the continuum treatment holds in binary droplet collisions is examined in the present work by using a continuum-based implicit surface capturing strategy (Volume-of-Fluid coupled to Navier-Stokes) and a molecular dynamics methodology. The droplet pairs are arranged in a head-on-collision configuration with an initial separation distance of 5.3 nm and a velocity of 3 ms. The ...

Molecular dynamics and DSMC models for energy transfer in argon dimer argon monomer collisions are compared. The inelastic collision number for these collisions is evaluated, and found to decrease significantly when gas temperature increases.

A number of phosphatidylcholine (PC) cations spanning a mass range of 400-1000 Da are investigated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS). A high correlation between mass and mobility is demonstrated with saturated phosphatidylcholine cations in N(2). A significant deviation from this mass-mobility correlation line is observ...

conclusions higher age of cyclists and increasing speed of the accident opponent significantly increase the likelihood of sustaining facial fractures. the use of bicycle helmets does not significantly reduce the incidence of mid-facial fractures, while being correlated with an even increased incidence of mandibular fractures. background the effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets in preventing ...