Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) also known as germ stem cells (GSCs) are the basis of spermatogenesis process in the testis. Furthermore, they are also valuable cells with different applications in developmental biology, transgenesis technology, and clinic. Understanding the new findings related to the cell and molecular biology of SSCs and the methods for isolation and maintenance of these ce...

In the history of biology, the early 1950s to the mid-1960s represent a period of landmark discoveries that led to the establishment of a new science named Molecular Biology. The discovery of the double helical structure of DNA byWatson and Crick in 1953 facilitated the formulation of specific questions related to the hottest questions of the time, gene replication and expression. Many ambitiou...

background and objectives : dna molecular weight marker is widely used in molecular biology experiments incurring considerable costs on low-budget settings. materials and methods : here a pcr-supported procedure is described that uses 10 primer pairs targeting chromosomal dna from the harmless vaccinal bacillus anthracis sterne 34f2 strain as template. a single pcr protocol is used to reproduce...

the prevalence of obesity as one of the most health concerns has increased globally. this kind of disease has been accounted for several diseases such as type 2 diabetes, different types of cancer, heart disease, and alzheimer. obesity is a multifactorial disease that both environmental factors and genetics play important role in its susceptibly. in molecular biology, characterization of the ad...