background: modified radical mastectomy (mrm) is still one of globally accepted surgical techniques for breast cancer and in some selected patient is the gold standard type of surgery. the most frequent complication of this procedure is seroma under skin flaps or in the axilla as reported as much as 30% in some studies. the use of closed suction drainage system to reduce the incidence of this c...

background: primary leiomyosarcoma (lms) of the breast is a very rare neoplasm of the breast arising from the mesenchymal tissue. the clinical presentation of this entity simulates other benign and malignant lesions of mesenchymal tissue of the breast. case presentation: case 1: a 40-year-old female presented with a right-sided breast lump, which was suspected to be a malignant spindle cell tum...

this is a case of a modified blalock-taussig shunt, which was complicated by perigraft transudative, fibrinous fluid accumulation and recurrence after surgical intervention. follow-up and expectant management of the patient was successful. our experience regarding this complication is presented.

background: cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite causes cryptosporidial diarrhea , which is typically a short-lasting benign infection, but can become severe and non-resolving in immunocompromised individuals. the aim of the present study was to determinate the prevalence of cryptosporidium infection in livestock and humans that were in contact with livestock in hamadan district, iran. metho...

background and objectives : resistance among bacterial isolates is the leading cause of increased mortality and morbidity worldwide. carbapenems once thought to be effective are becoming ineffective mostly due to the emergence of carbapenemase. this study was designed to determine in vitro efficacy of modified hodge test for detection of carbapenemase production in gram negative rods. material ...

BACKGROUND Safety assessment of genetically modified organisms is currently often performed by comparative evaluation. However, natural variation of plant characteristics between commercial varieties is usually not considered explicitly in the statistical computations underlying the assessment. RESULTS Statistical methods are described for the assessment of the difference between a geneticall...

This paper reviews the history of the federal regulatory oversight of plant agricultural biotechnology in the USA, focusing on the scientific and political forces moulding the continually evolving regulatory structure in place today. Unlike most other jurisdictions, the USA decided to adapt pre-existing legislation to encompass products of biotechnology. In so doing, it established an overarchi...

We report here a preliminary value for the πNN coupling constant deduced from the GMO sumrule for forward πN scattering. As in our previous determination from np backward differential scattering cross sections we give a critical discussion of the analysis with careful attention not only to the statistical, but also to the systematic uncertainties. Our preliminary evaluation gives g c (GMO) = 13...