We describe an optimized digital holographic microscopy system (DHM) suitable for high-resolution visualization of living cells under conditions of altered macroscopic mechanical forces such as those that arise from changes in gravitational force. Experiments were performed on both a ground-based microgravity simulation platform known as the random positioning machine (RPM) as well as during a ...

Next to the scientific revolution itself, the biological revolution is the greatest of all the purely human revolutions thus far. I say "purely human revolutions" because the greatest of all revolutions was that affected by Christianity. But since the latter consisted of Christ entering human history, it was revolution by Divine intervention and therefore belongs in a class by itself. I shall, ...

Recent efforts to promote a transition to a low carbon economy have been influenced by suggestions that a low carbon transition offers challenges and might yield economic benefits comparable to those of the previous industrial revolutions. This paper examines these arguments and the challenges facing a low carbon transition, by drawing on recent thinking on the technological, economic and insti...

This paper locates the notion of technological revolutions in the NeoSchumpeterian effort to understand innovation and to identify the regularities, continuities and discontinuities in the process of innovation. It looks at the microand meso-foundations of the patterns observed in the evolution of technical change and the interrelations with the context that shape the rhythm and direction of in...

Many manufacturing industries, including the computer industry, have seen large increases in productivity growth rates and have experienced a reduction in average establishment size and a decrease in the variance of the sizes of plants. A vintage capital model is introduced where learning increases productivity on any given technology and firms choose when to adopt a new vintage. In the model, ...