sand dunes mobility is one of the serious problems in arid regions. since wind regime is one of the important factors in sand dunes formation, its frequency, direction and magnitude can be effective. amount of wind energy and its directional variability (wind regime) have significant control on the morphology and maintenance of aeolian landforms. by recognizing of morphometric and morphodynamic...

This article draws on qualitative data journeys to Europe or Brazil undertaken by adults and teenagers from Sub-Saharan African countries develop a conceptual analysis of the blurriness lines drawn between supposedly different types movement via referencing binary forced/voluntary (such as asylum, trafficking, smuggling). It questions liberal model ‘agency’ that is employed not just state actor...