The observation "the nice thing about standards is that there are so many to choose from" (Tanenbaum, 1981, p. 221) has been circulating in e-learning standards circles for some time. This statement certainly reflects the varied and complex nature of standards organizations and standards development processes. This paper provides an overview of standards and specifications bodies and processes ...

The aim of this study was to compare the Exceptional Student Learning English (ESLE) web application and traditional application and the evaluation of the ESLE app mainly from the exceptional student parents' perspective. To this end, five exceptional student parents with their exceptional children were selected among 30 parents in Isfahan in Isfahan province. Open-ended questionnaires were sen...

Performance standards for industrial mobile robots and mobile manipulators (robot arms onboard mobile robots) have only recently begun development. Low cost and standardized measurement techniques are needed to characterize system performance, compare different systems, and to determine if recalibration is required. This paper discusses work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology...

Berreu et. al. in their landmark paper first introduced turbo codes (TC), which could achieve energy efficiencies within 0.7 dB of Shannon’s limit. Now TC is one of the main options for error correcting codes (ECC) in third generation mobile standards as in UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and cdma2000. UMTS and cdma2000 standards use two types of ECC; Convolutional coding and ...

M-commerce uses the potential of wireless technologies to expand the reach of e-commerce applications to any time and any place. Mobile applications can be used to support transactions with customers and suppliers and to conduct e-business within and across organizational boundaries and are becoming an integral part of an organization’s strategy. M-commerce has great potential to promote global...

In the early childhood field, there has been a reluctance to use the word “standards.” Child outcome standards geared to young children are often given different names, such as building blocks, essential learning, desired results, learning and developmental guidelines, or learning goals. All of these describe the same thing—the kinds of development and learning that should be taking place. Chil...

Technically e-learning material can be downloaded from a PC environment to a mobile phone environment. But the context, environment, physical limitations of a mobile phone, sets limits to a mobile learning environment. The didactic model cannot be transferred usually from e-learning to mobile learning environment. In an experiment we test the limitations of a mobile learning environment and pos...

There is a set of e-learning standards varying on the level of complexity, detail of description and means for technical implementations. These standards open up new levels of content description, data presentation as well as have impact on reuse and interoperability of e-learning content. E-learning standards such as IMS, SCORM, IEEE LTSC METADATA, DUBLIN CORE and others have settled down in r...

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