this article reviewed the addictive substance programmes in iran and around the world. for this aim method, some of studies regarding epidemiology of substance abuse in iran and demographic characteristics of iranian substance abusers were reviewed. these studies revealed that although the rate of substance abuse in iran were increased but during different years it had fluctuated. also some unp...

in al-ta‘liqat–which is most likely a collection of avicenna’s lectures– it is intended to answer to a paradox concerning the knowledge of the substance. this paradox can be reconstructed this way: if, by knowing something, its quiddity comes to mind, then with knowing a substance its quiddity–which is a substance–comes to mind. conversely, according to peripatetic philosophy, knowledge is a qu...

This research explores the possibilities of using lunar soil resources in agriculture. The effectiveness humic micro-encapsulated was investigated for physical and chemical quality improvement culture applications by TLS-01 (Thailand artificial regolith Simulant-01) as a test substance. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) used plant. particles were evenly distributed, uncluttered, consisted 54.55%...

introduction: substance abuse/dependency is one of the most important comorbidity in bipolar patients. therefore, recognizing the patterns of substance use is valuable in treatment and management of patients. this study was conducted to determine patterns of substance abuse among bipolar patients who were hospitalized in an educational hospital. methods : this was a descriptive-analytical study...

Neurophysiological and neurochemical data have suggested that substance P may function as a neurotransmitter at synapses in the central nervous system, particularly in primary sensory neurons (1, 2). Mechanisms responsible for terminating the action of substance P at the synapse are however, unknown. Benuck and Marks (3) have partially puri fied the enzyme responsible for inactivation of substa...

It has previously been ascertained] that the phloroglucinol or Jorissen test is among the most sensitive color tests for free formaldehyde. The advantages claimed for it are: (1) simplicity; (2) great sensitivity; (3) it reacts with free or liberated formaldehyde only, and does not itself liberate formaldehyde from such compounds as hexamethylenamine; (4) finally, with the phloroglucinol test t...

Here, we provide the first evidence for functional expression of a human olfactory receptor protein (OR17-40) and show that recombinant olfactory receptors can be functionally expressed in heterologous systems. A mixture of 100 different odorants (Henkel 100) elicited a transient increase in intracellular [Ca(2+)] in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably or transiently transfected wi...

We performed chemical equilibrium calculations for a solid-gas mixture in order to determine the possible condensates for the peculiar element mixture of S-stars and Luminous Blue Variables (LBV’s). Some compounds of abundant elements where included in the calculation which seem to have been not considered in previous condensation calculations. It turned out that solid FeSi is the first condens...

background : family functioning is considered to have a significant impact on the beginnings and maintenance of substance use. objectives the main purpose of this study was to examine and compare the dimensions of family functioning among addicted and non-addicted individuals. patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, the study sample consisted of 228 individuals, including 118 addict...