brain injury has a multiple pathophysiology for which there is no definite treatment. in this regard, tissue engineering is one of the probable strategies for repair of damaged tissue. but creating a proper model for testing the engineered products faced some difficulties, specially, when we want to evaluate the effects of a product on the volume of injury. the current brain injury methods coul...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) initiates a cascade of numerous pathophysiological events that evolve over time. despite the complexity of tbi, research aimed at therapy development has almost exclusively focused on single therapies, all of which have failed in multicenter clinical trials. a variety of brain insults, including traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, stroke, and status epilepticus (s...

brain tumors in elderly are increasing as the number of people, who comprise the older population, does.about half of the patients with brain tumors appear to be over 60 years of age.in this review article, glioblastoma multiform, as the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system in elderly is discussed in details of definition, prognosis, diagnosis, treatment and differential di...

a bstract background: in recent years, the lack of organ for transplantation has resulted in health planners and authorities in all countries, including iran, paying serious attention to the issue. despite the above-mentioned fact, families with a member affected by brain death are not interested in organ donation. objective: this study is aimed at making an investigation into the decision-maki...

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minor trauma to the head is common in childhood and does not require any medical or surgical treatment. nevertheless, head injury in infancy and childhood is the single most common cause of death and permanent disability. measurable deficits occur even after mild to moderate head injury but are markedly greater after severe injury. they include impaired cognition, motor impairments, disruption ...

introduction: breast cancer is the second most common cause of brain metastasis. although patient prognosis is poor, isolated brain metastasis occasionally can be an option for treatment with curative intent in breast cancer patients. case presentation: we report a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who developed an isolated right frontal lobe metastasis within 5 months of fin...

background: in previous studies, the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in diffuse traumatic brain injury has been shown. this study used ici 182,780, a non-selective estrogen receptor antagonist, to test the hypothesis that the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in traumatic brain injury is mediated by the estrogen receptors. methods: the ovariectomized rats were divided in...

Background and aims: There are different causes for brain death including head trauma, cerebrovascular accidents and intracranial space-occupying lesions. The present study was aimed to determine the causes of brain death in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province due to high turnover of trauma in this area during 2003 to 2013...

during history, few eras have been as ambiguous and dark as parthians. mithraism ideology had king’s support and promised salvation and a new after-death world to the soldiers. from this view, parthians cared about the political aspect of the religion rather than the religion itself. mithras temple is a good example of political reaction of parthians against roman religious architectures. after...