Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in phenylpropanoid pathway and plays a vital role adoption, growth, development plants but wheat its characterization still not very clear. Here, we report genome-wide identification of TaPAL genes analysis their transcriptional expression, duplication, phylogeny wheat. A total 37 that cluster into three subfamilies have been identified base...

Wheat is one of the world’s crucial staple food crops. In turn, einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) considered a wild relative aestivum and can be used as source agronomically important genes for breeding purposes. Cultivated T. subsp. originated from aegilopoides (syn. boeticum). For better utilization valuable these species, it to discern genetic diversity at their cytological molecular le...

Urartu Krallığının merkezi bölgesinin batısında yer alan Kayalıdere Kalesi Muş ili Varto ilçesinin 20 km kuzeybatısındadır. Kale ilk olarak 1956 yılında Burney’in bölgede yaptığı yüzey araştırmaları sırasında tespit edilmiş ve kale Burney tarafından 1965 tek sezonluk bir kazı çalışması yapılmıştır. Uzun aranın ardından 2018 2019 yılları arasında Alparslan II Barajı yapımı Kalesi’nde temizlik so...

Urartu is one of the powers beginning first millennium B. C., which has been located in Turkey, Armenia and north-west Iran, competing strongly with New Assyrian Empire encountering to local government Mannea, dominated on some parts Urmia Lake. The presence can be seen architectural remains areas like Bastam Hasanlu. But, cultural effect this great power its affection physical remains, compreh...

Phytoene synthase (PSY) regulates the first committed step of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants. The present work reports identification and characterization of the three PSY genes (TaPSY1, TaPSY2 and TaPSY3) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The TaPSY1, TaPSY2, and TaPSY3 genes consisted of three homoeologs on the long arm of group 7 chromosome (7L), short arm of group 5 chromosome ...

Salt tolerance of plants depends on HKT transporters (High-affinity K(+) Transporter), which mediate Na(+)-specific transport or Na(+)-K(+) co-transport. Gene sequences closely related to rice HKT genes were isolated from hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) or barley (Hordeum vulgare) for genomic DNA southern hybridization analysis. HKT gene sequences were mapped on chromosomal arms of wh...

The tribe Triticeae includes the major crops wheat and barley. Within the last few years, the whole genomes of four Triticeae species-barley, wheat, Tausch's goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii) and wild einkorn wheat (Triticum urartu)-have been sequenced. The availability of these genomic resources for Triticeae plants and innovative analytical applications using next-generation sequencing technologi...