Cells routinely make mistakes. Some mistakes are encoded by the genome and may manifest as inherited or acquired diseases. Other mistakes occur because metabolic processes can be intrinsically inefficient or inaccurate. Consequently, cells have developed mechanisms to minimize the damage that would result if mistakes went unchecked. Here, we provide an overview of three quality control mechanis...

The most common mistakes and pitfalls associated with developing embedded real-time software will be presented. The origin, causes, and hidden dangers of these mistakes will be highlighted. Methods ranging from better education to using new technology and recent research results will be discussed. The mistakes vary from problems with the highlevel project management methodologies, to poor decis...

Abstract Despite decades of research on heuristics and biases, evidence the effect large incentives cognitive biases is scant. We test four widely documented biases: base-rate neglect, anchoring, failure contingent thinking, intuitive reasoning. In laboratory experiments with 1,236 college students in Nairobi, we implement three incentive levels: no incentives, standard lab payments, very high ...

This paper studies how an optimal menu chosen by a social planner depends on whether agents receive imperfect signals about their true tastes (imperfect self-knowledge) or the properties of available alternatives information). Under self-knowledge, it is not to offer fewer than number different present in population, unless noise infinite (agents have no clue preferences). As increases, offers ...