519 Biologically relevant information in acoustic signals often is present in its temporal structure. For example, the temporal relationships of particular acoustic elements are important for identifying human speech signals1, the proximity of a target in bat sonar2, songs in birds3, and calls in anuran amphibians4 (frogs and toads) and crickets5. In the sensory periphery, these signals are rep...

To cite: Rufino R, Marques BL, Costa CH. Thorax Published Online First: 19 December 2012 doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012202827 A 32-year-old man worked as a subsistence farmer raising pigs and tending his small garden; he also kept cats and dogs. He reported fever, night sweats, weight loss of 10 kg over 3 months, haemoptysis and skin ulcers (figure 1). Radiography and chest CT scan (figure 2) showe...

not understand how she came to have parents so entirely different from herself. Spurred by various emotional urges she sets out on a crusade to '' live her own life.'' Usually she discovers herself inadequate to meet life as independently as she would like. She finds also that the consequences of independence are somewhat staggering. It is difficult to understand how anyone who has worked with ...

MOTIVATION We present a new probabilistic model of the evolution of RNA-, DNA-, or protein-like sequences and a software tool, Rose, that implements this model. Guided by an evolutionary tree, a family of related sequences is created from a common ancestor sequence by insertion, deletion and substitution of characters. During this artificial evolutionary process, the 'true' history is logged an...