One of the characteristics of the modern international systems is the undeniable role the new communication technologies play in different sections of human societies. Modern communication technologies such as satellites and computers have challenged the national authority and sovereignty of Vestfallian states.  Although national states, specially, in the third world countries, extremely resist...

although the zarzian was first identified in the 1920s, it has not been until recently that detailed investigations of it have been undertaken. in contrast to the intensive research on the epipaleolithic period in the levant, the zarzian in the zagros area is less well known, although it shares some similarities (as well as differences) with the levantine epipaleolithic including trajectories o...

although the hiv pandemic is witnessing a decline in the number of new infections in most regions of the world, the middle east and north africa (mena) has a rapidly growing hiv problem. while generating hiv data has been consistently increasing since 2005, mena’s contribution to the global hiv literature is just over 1% and the existing evidence often falls behind the academic standards. sever...

context this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence (by overall relative frequency) and clinical information of the behcet’s disease in middle east and north africa (mena) and it has an important effect on the health policy and performing complementary studies in future. evidence acquisition we performed this systematic literature review from several datab...

background: considering population aging in iran and the importance of cataract surgery in the old age, this study was performed to show the cataract surgical rate (csr) between 2006 and 2010 in tehran province. methods: eighteen centers were randomly selected from cataract surgery centers in tehran. in each center, one week in every season was randomly selected and the number of cataract surge...

background: in this article, we used a panel smooth transition regression model to estimate the relationship between health expenditure and income. this approach is employed to continuously model changing parameters among countries and during time. it is thus suitable for eliminating heterogeneity among countries and the variability of the relationship between gross domestic product (gdp) and h...

[1] We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to interpret observations of tropospheric ozone from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite instrument in summer 2005. Observations from TES reveal elevated ozone in the middle troposphere (500–400 hPa) across North Africa and the Middle East. Observed ozone abundances in the middle troposphere are at a maximum in summer and a mi...

in the mid-1950s, regionalism rose in international literature. in the middle east and persian gulf regional issues draw attention of theorists in the late 1960s. at first, regionalism aimed to organize political will of regional leaders towards to organize political will, while regionalism in the middle east and persian gulf concentrated on the security affairs. this proves that the essence of...