A new formula for box-minus operation, which separates the box-minus operation into sign and reliability operations, was derived. Its application in the sum-product algorithm (SPA) was also investigated. Both boxplus operation and box-minus operation were divided into sign operation and reliability operation. The results show that on using the box-minus operation, SPA can be implemented with le...

Microtubules are cytoskeletal filaments that are intrinsically polarized, with two structurally and functionally distinct ends, the plus end and the minus end. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown that microtubule plus-end dynamics play an important role in many vital cellular processes and are controlled by numerous factors, such as microtubule plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs). ...

The authors attempted to replicate prior group brain correlates of deception and improve on the consistency of individual results. Healthy, right-handed adults were instructed to tell the truth or to lie while being imaged in a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI significance maps were generated for subjects giving a deceptive answer minus a ...

Aim: The extended running W-plasty technique using the W-plasty principle is a modification of the conventional technique. The use of this technique was utilized for simultaneous reduction of the protuberant labia minora and the redundant clitoris. Methods: Twenty-three patients presented to the plastic surgery clinic between 2008 and 2015 with the complaints of protuberant and enlarged labia m...

Objectives. To test applicability of the new surgical concept for labioreduction of the labia minora. Study Design. The observational, prospective, case series study was designed. Subjects. Three consecutive subjects were included. Methods. The application of new surgical intervention was tested. Main Outcome Measures. A primary outcome measured applicability of the fenestration labioplasty and...

Epithelial cells contain noncentrosomal microtubules (MTs), whose minus ends are oriented apically. In contrast with the well-known interactions of the minus ends with the centrosome, little is known about the termination site of the noncentrosomal minus ends. Here we show that a population of MT minus ends is anchored at the zonula adherens (ZA), the apical-most part of the cadherin-based adhe...

Previous studies of a clathrin-minus Dictyostelium cell line revealed important roles for clathrin heavy chain (clathrin) in endocytosis, secretion of lysosomal hydrolases and osmoregulation. In this paper, we examine the contribution of clathrin-mediated membrane traffic to development in Dictyostelium discoideum. Clathrin-minus cells were delayed in early development. When exposed to starvati...

Yield gap analysis provides an essential framework to prioritize research and policy efforts to reduce yield constraints. To identify options for increasing chickpea yield, the SSM-chickpea model was parameterized and evaluated. The model was applied to analyze seed yield at both potential and water limited production levels and subsequently to find the yield gap for nine different locatio...

Abstract Background and purpose: According to the reported problems in area of the inappropriateness of water quality which used for washing and staining of car apparatuses in a car factory, this research was carried out for identification of physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the consumed water in Babol car factory, Iran. Materials and Methods: Physical and chemical par...