We propose a solution to problems involving temporal projection and explanation (e.g., the Yale shooting problem) based on the idea that whether a situation is abnormal should not depend upon historical information about how the situation arose. We apply these ideas both to the Yale shooting scenario and to a blocks world domain that needs to address the qualification problem. 1 Introduction Th...

The Qualification Problem arises for planning agents in realworld environments, where unexpected circumstances may at any time prevent the successful performance of an action. We present a logic programming method to cope with the Qualification Problem in the action programming language Flux, which builds on the Fluent Calculus as a solution to the fundamental Frame Problem. Our system allows t...

Intelligent agents in open environments inevitably face the Qualification Problem: The executability of an action can never be predicted with absolute certainty; unexpected circumstances, albeit unlikely, may at any time prevent the successful performance of an action. Reasoning agents in real-world environments rely on a solution to the Qualification Problem in order to make useful predictions...

This study is aimed at exploring ideas for the development of Pilates instructor qualification system by identifying a range of difficulties Pilates instructors are experiencing. Open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data before they were analyzed with inductive content analysis method. In consideration of the difficulties Pilates instructors experie...

BACKGROUND The percentage of newly qualified doctors in the UK who want a career in general practice declined substantially in the 1990s. The English Department of Health expects that half of all doctors will become GPs. AIM To report on choices for general practice made by doctors who qualified in 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2009. DESIGN AND SETTING A structured, closed questionnaire about...

Previous research has found that death qualification impacts jurors' receptiveness to aggravating and mitigating circumstances (e.g., J. Luginbuhl & K. Middendorf, 1988). However, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether death qualification affects jurors' endorsements of aggravating and mitigating circumstances when Witt, rather than Witherspoon, is the legal standard for death qua...

Average Wage, Qualification of the Workforce and Export Performance in German Enterprises: Evidence from KombiFiD Data Empirical investigations with enterprise level data from official statistics often use the average wage as a proxy variable for the qualification of the workforce, mostly due to the lack of detailed information on the qualification of the employees. This paper uses unique newly...

The development and implementation of new materials and manufacturing processes for aerospace application is often hindered by the high cost and long time span associated with current qualification procedures. The data requirements necessary for material and process qualification are extensive and often require millions of dollars and multiple years to complete. Furthermore, these qualification...

OBJECTIVE To study the association between time to antibiotic administration and survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency department. DESIGN Single-center cohort study. SETTING The emergency department of an academic tertiary care center from 2005 through 2006. PATIENTS Two hundred sixty-one patients undergo...

BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists whether practice patterns of general practitioners (GPs) who have additionally completed training in naturopathy are different from those of conventional GPs. We aimed to assess and compare practice patterns of GPs in conventional and naturopathic GPs. METHODS Routine data from 41 GPs (31 with and 11 without additional qualification in NP, respectively) and ...