Aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) treatment was used for the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni in chicken. Chicken breasts and legs were inoculated with 8~9 log CFU/g of Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni, respectively, and then treated with 0, 50, and 100 ppm of ClO2 solution. Aqueous ClO2 treatment decreased the populations of the pathogenic bacteria o...

Background: Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), a source of non-thermal plasma, is used in surface decontamination. Objective: To study the effect of DBD plasma treatment, we evaluated the effect of plasma exposure time on inactivation of Bacillus subtilis. Results: Applying the DBD plasma to the culture of B. subtilis caused complete sterilization of the surface without any thermal effects. In...

Sunlight is known to be a pertinent factor governing the infectivity of waterborne viruses in the environment. Sunlight inactivates viruses via endogenous inactivation (promoted by absorption of solar light in the UVB range by the virus) and exogenous processes (promoted by adsorption of sunlight by external chromophores, which subsequently generate inactivating reactive species). The extent of...

The effect of some pulsed electric field (PEF) processing parameters (electric field strength, pulse frequency and treatment time), on a mixture of microorganisms (Kloeckera apiculata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus hilgardii and Gluconobacter oxydans) typically present in grape juice and wine were evaluated. An experimental design based on response surface met...

X inactivation studies have been carried out on 22 pairs of female monozygotic twins, one set of female monozygotic triplets, and their mothers and singleton sisters, using the probe M27 beta. Forty-eight per cent of the twins, 55% of their mothers, and 42% of their singleton sisters showed skewed X inactivation. Two of the triplets and their mother had random X inactivation, while the third tr...