Repetitive contraction of cultured muscle tubes has been controlled in vitro with periodical electrical stimulation. C2C12 (Mouse myoblast cell line) was cultured with High-glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium on a dish to make muscle tubes. Differentiation was induced with horse serum. Repetitive contraction of the tube was generated by electric pulses through electrodes of platinum, and...

Balloon whisk-like and flower-like SiOx tubes with well-dispersed Sn and joining countless SiOx loops together induce intense luminescence characteristics in substrate materials. Our synthetic technique called "direct substrate growth" is based on pre-contamination of the surroundings without the intended catalyst and source powders. The kind of supporting material and pressure of the inlet gas...

Micro-Tube Plasmas (?TP) have been gaining attention for applications ranging from medicine to material science and analytical chemistry due their small size, low cost of operation flexibility. In the present work a specific ?TP, known as Flexible Micro Tube Plasma (F?TP) is investigated experimentally and, first time, numerically well. The creation, propagation mechanisms properties ionization...

In this study, the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of smooth tube internal helically micro-finned tubes with two different fin-to-fin height ratios i.e., equal fin alternating height, are computationally analysed. The is analysed for proof concept reduction. A single phase steady turbulent flow model used a Reynolds number ranging from 12,000 to 54,000. Water as working fluid in...

This study presents a failure analysis in two reformer tubes used for hydrogen production petrochemical industry. These (Tube A and Tube B) were made by the centrifugal casting of HP-Nb alloy such way that one contained titanium as micro-element, other was free from its chemical composition. Although subjected to similar creep conditions, failed after only 46,000 h operation against design life...

In this paper, we demonstrate a micro-optical wall pressure sensor concept based on the optical modes of dielectric resonators. The sensing element is a spherical micro-resonator with a diameter of a few hundred micrometers. A latex membrane that is flush mounted on the wall transmits the normal pressure to the sensing element. Changes in the wall pressure perturb the sphere's morphology, leadi...

The micro morphology of limestone sorbent is a key for improving the SO2 removal efficiency in the coal-fired power plant. The tube furnace system was built for imitating the indirect desulfurization reaction in traditional boiler atmosphere (65%N2, 15%CO2, 4.7%O2, 15%H2O, 0.3%SO2) and the direct desulfurization reaction in oxygen-fired atmosphere (80%CO2, 4.7%O2, 15%H2O, 0.3%SO2). The reacted ...