Effective elastic properties of a defected solid with distributed cohesive micro-cracks are estimated based on homogenization of the Dugdale–Bilby–Cottrell–Swinden (Dugdale–BCS) type micro-cracks in a two dimensional elastic representative volume element (RVE). Since the cohesive micro-crack model mimics various realistic bond forces at micro-scale, a statistical average of cohesive defects can...

In this paper we discuss a choice between the diffractive and refractive binary micro-lenses for the longwave IR FPA. To investigate diffraction on the micro-lenses we have used a numerical code based-on the rigorous electromagnetic theory, because neither geometrical optics nor thin element approach of scalar diffraction theory can correctly describe waveguide, shadowing and interference effec...

The overall goal of this study was to assess the mechanistic fidelity of continuum-level finite element models of the vertebral body, which represent a promising tool for understanding and predicting clinical fracture risk. Two finite element (FE) models were generated from micro-CT scans of each of 13 T9 vertebral bodies--a micro-FE model at 60-micron resolution and a coarsened, continuum-leve...

Microcantilevers are the basic MEMS devices, which can be used as sensors, actuators and electronics can be easily built into them. The detection principle of microcantilever sensors is based on the measurement of change in cantilever deflection or change in its resonance frequency. The objective of this work is to explore the analogies between mechanical and electrical equivalent of microcanti...

In this paper Micro strip Patch Antenna Array are designed and analyzed for WLAN application, which operating at S-band frequency Range of 2.4 GHz. Antenna arrays are used to achieve higher gain. The larger number of antenna elements, the better gain of antenna array is achieved. In this paper feeding element and power divider is used to design the 4 X 1 micro strip patch antenna array. Micro s...

We assessed the effects of Cu on root growth and morphology of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) seedlings grown in culture solutions supplied with 0.012 (control), 0.1, 1 or 5 micro M CuSO(4). The presence of 5 micro M Cu in the nutrient solution completely inhibited root growth of both species within 3 days. In both species, taproot elongation was reduced in ...

In the current context of miniaturization, micro-machining processes are in full expansion. One of them is micro-milling. Although micro-milling is based on the same principle as macro-milling, the phenomena of micro-cutting are not a simple scaling of macrocutting. A significant difference is the chip formation involving the phenomenon of minimum chip thickness. In micro-milling the depth of c...

A discontinuous Galerkin finite element heterogeneous multiscale method is proposed for advectiondiffusion problems with highly oscillatory coefficients. The method is based on a coupling of a discontinuous Galerkin discretization for an effective advection-diffusion problem on a macroscopic mesh, whose a priori unknown data are recovered from micro finite element calculations on sampling domai...

A finite element heterogeneous multiscale method (FEHMM) is proposed for the time dependent wave equation with highly oscillatory, albeit not necessarily periodic, coefficients. It is based on a finite element discretization of an effective wave equation at the macro scale, whose a priori unknown effective coefficients are computed “on the fly” on sampling domains within each macro finite eleme...