Zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, is a biofouling organism that lives generally in freshwater ecosystems. Zebra mussel infestation has occurred at various freshwater structures and systems including raw water intakes, industrial and domestic distribution pipelines, and hydropower facilities at its native regions as well as distant locations. A study was conducted to perform risk assessment an...

background: several reservoir systems have been constructed for hydropower generation around the world. hydropower offers an economical source of electricity with reduce carbon emissions. therefore, it is such a clean and renewable source of energy. reservoirs that generate hydropower are typically operated with the goal of maximizing energy revenue. yet, reservoir systems are inefficiently ope...

In hierarchical distributed control systems for hydro power groups located over a large area, there are requirements for independent (autonomous) operation of control systems for each power group (or parts of the group), to solve local problems or in case of real-time faults over communication paths with upper levels. In this case, the control equipment for power groups may be defined as holons...

The recent increased number of black outs in the power system has been largely due to growing competition and deregulation among the power industry. Power systems are complex nonlinear systems and often exhibit low frequency electro-mechanical oscillations due to insufficient damping caused by severe operating conditions. This needs an advanced modeling and control techniques for effective cont...

Theoretical hydropower operation rules are derived and discussed for reservoirs in parallel, in series, and single reservoirs for cases where reservoirs typically refill before they empty and for parallel reservoirs when reservoirs are expected to draw down to empty. These hydropower rules offer a simplified economic basis for allocating storage and energy in multireservoir hydropower systems. ...

Transport of suspended sediment between the two reservoirs of a pumped-storage plant in Switzerland was monitored over an 8-month period. A turbidity probe was installed on the upstream end of the pressure shaft, in which real-time monitoring was ensured by automatic data acquisition and remote control. The suspended sediment concentration in the reservoirs varies considerably over the course o...

hydropower power generation is one of the most important sources of renewable energies. small hydropower plants are becoming the most popular option of hydropower plants, which can be applied in small and remote places, and are able to produce cheap, clean and reliable electricity. in iran and most developing countries, electricity transmission to remote regions for reasons such as high transmi...