BACKGROUND Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease occurred by idiopathic (autoimmune) or secondary to particle inhalation. The in-air microparticle induced X-ray emission (in-air micro-PIXE) system performs elemental analysis of materials by irradiation with a proton microbeam, and allows visualization of the spatial distribution and quantitation of various elements with very lo...

AirScope is a micro-scale modeling system as well as a micro-scale air quality monitoring system, which comprises as a micro-scale air quality management system. Importance of micro-scale air monitoring is rising due to the concern about environment near residential places. Traditional monitoring methods are providing overall air quality indexes. However, these methods have limited functionalit...

Micro-blogs are contemporary broadcasting services, for exchanging small elements of content, including video and images. Despite its popularity, micro-blogging is not without issues. So far, various security concerns, such as: privacy and confidentiality of micro-blogging systems have attracted the interest of the scientific community. Nevertheless, in this document we refer to a security issu...

to study the effect of different fertilizing systems on macro and micro nutrients uptake by annual medic (medicago scutellata cv. robinson) an experiment was conducted under dry farming and irrigated conditions at two research stations (sararood dryland agricultural research institute and soil fertility research station in mahidasht) during 2009 growing season. the experimental treatments consi...

Aims Micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT) and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) are often used tomographic methods for imaging macroscopic samples with histological detail. It is even possible to image multiple tissue types simultaneously (e.g. bone, muscle, nerve and fat tissue). However, micro-CT requires staining with heavy elements (and thus fixation and sometimes dehydration) to d...

The distribution of elements in sauropod humeri and femora was determined by micro-X-rayfluorescence analysis (μ-XRF). Element distribution maps enable correlations between bone architecture and spatial distribution of the chemical elements. The investigations reveal no significant macroscopic gradients in the element distribution across the fossil bone cross-section. More detailed investigatio...

We describe a proto-type system that solves Poisson's equation using massivelyparallel, micro-power analog circuits. The system consists of an 8 x 8 array of uniform resistive elements. To save area and power, resistive elements are made using complementary MOS transistors biased in the subthreshold ohmic region. A single cell measures 130 m x 110 m in a 1.2m process. Simulations and chip measu...

We report on a numerical analysis method for diffractive optical elements that consist of features ranging from subwavelength to more than 10lambda. The essence of the method is treating local structures of the optical elements as diffraction gratings. It is shown that the method can provide accuracy of results comparable with fully electromagnetic treatments in much shorter time. The theory an...