In the treatment of childhood asthma, balancing safety and efficacy is key to achieving optimal therapeutic benefit. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), because of their efficacy, remain a cornerstone in managing persistent pediatric asthma, but also are associated with significant adverse effects, including growth suppression. Consequently, careful attention must be given to balancing their safety ...

The inhibiting effects of methylxanthines on urethan-induced lung tumors, malformations, and presumed somatic mutations in mice were studied to determine the contribution of mutational and physiological changes to chemically induced neoplasia and malformation. When young adult or pregnant ICR/Jc1 mice were treated with urethan and then methylxanthines were given, caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthi...

Caffeine is commonly prescribed in the NICU to treat apnea of prematurity. This review is an update based on current knowledge of the mechanisms of action, pharmacologic properties, clinical effects, and safety of caffeine in the neonatal population. Recent studies of caffeine in the neonatal population confirm its efficacy in treating apnea-related symptoms and reveal additional significant be...

AIM To study, whether the consumption of regular tea/coffee (methylxanthines) increases the risk of oral cancer in patients with smoking and smokeless tobacco habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on a total of 90 oral cancer and precancerous patients, from western Maharashtra (India) males in the age group of 20 to 45 years who were with smoking and smokeless tobacco habits;...

BACKGROUND Methylxanthines reduce the frequency of apnea of prematurity and the need for mechanical ventilation during the first seven days of therapy. It is uncertain whether methylxanthines have other short- and long-term benefits or risks in infants with very low birth weight. METHODS We randomly assigned 2006 infants with birth weights of 500 to 1250 g during the first 10 days of life to ...

Studies of plasma from mice, rats, and human volunteers evaluated methods for the extraction and quantification of the positron emission tomography ligand [(18)F]8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ([(18)F]CPFPX) and identification of its metabolites in plasma by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of human, mouse, and rat plasma e...

OBJECTIVES Bacterial resistant infections have become a global health challenge and threaten the society's health. Thus, an urgent need exists to find ways to combat resistant pathogens. One promising approach to overcoming bacterial resistance is the use of herbal products. Green tea catechins, the major green tea polyphenols, show antimicrobial activity against resistant pathogens. The presen...