The postulate that twice the milligram/kilogram dose of dl-methylphenidate (dl-MPH) would result in equal exposure to d-MPH compared with half that milligram/kilogram dose of the chiral switch product dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH) was tested. Using a randomized, crossover study design, 12 men and 12 women received either immediate-release (IR) dl-MPH (0.3 mg/kg) or IR d-MPH (0.15 mg/kg). Relative ...

ADHD is one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders during adolescence. Recently, significant increases in the diagnosis of ADHD have caused the prescription of the ADHD medication methylphenidate (MPH) to increase. MPH is a psychostimulant that blocks the dopamine transporter, which is responsible for dopamine reuptake at the synapse. The blockade of the dopamine transporter results in an inc...

BACKGROUND The present study examined pain perception in children and adolescents with ADHD and the interaction between pain perception and the administration of methylphenidate (MPH) in order to generate hypotheses for further research that will help to clarify the association between ADHD diagnosis, MPH treatment and pain perception. METHODS We included 260 children and adolescents of the "...

OBJECTIVE To compare methylphenidate (MPH) and dexamphetamine (DEX) in a sample of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD A total of 125 children with ADHD received both MPH (0.3 mg/kg twice daily) and DEX (0.15 mg/kg twice daily) for 2 weeks a double-blind, crossover study. Outcome measures were Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised, Conners' Teacher Rating Scal...

BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH) is a psychomotor stimulant medication widely used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given the extent of prescribed use of MPH, and because MPH interacts with the same brain pathways activated by drugs of abuse, most research has focused on assessing MPH's potential to alter an individual's risk for adult drug addiction. Data e...

BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH) is a commonly-used medication for the treatment of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD). However, its prescription to adults with ADHD and narcolepsy raises the question of how the brain is impacted by MPH exposure during pregnancy. The goal of this study was to elucidate the long-term neurobiological consequences of prenatal exposure t...

BACKGROUND Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have deficits in performance monitoring often improved with the indirect catecholamine agonist methylphenidate (MPH). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effects of single-dose MPH on activation of error processing brain areas in medication-naive boys with ADHD during a stop task that elicits 5...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome common in the pediatric population. It is associated with multiple nonspecific deficits on neuropsychological tests of executive function, and a beneficial response to pharmacotherapy with methylphenidate (MPH) and other psychostimulants. The Stroop Color-Word task is used empirically as an aid in diagnosis and treat...

This study aimed to compare the effects of osmotic release oral system-methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) on executive function in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by a randomized controlled trial. Subjects who met DSM-IV ADHD criteria were randomized to receive either OROS-MPH or ATX treatment. The doses were titrated to achieve optima...

OBJECTIVE The use of methylphenidate (MPH) in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is widely accepted; however, there is increased concern regarding its abuse potential. Few studies have examined the reinforcing effects of drugs in individuals receiving them for clinical purposes. This study attempts to assess MPH preference in children with ADHD using a choice proce...