The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of different preparations of garlic with different methodologies on prevention and control of cardiovascular disorders. Almost 30 articles and abstracts from 1990-2003 were searched through Medline. Most of the studies between 1990-1993 showed the significant reduction of TC by garlic powder but a recent controlled study in 2000 found that consu...

In the work presented here, nitrogen and sulfur co doped on porous graphene was synthesized using pyrolysis at 900°C for 2h and the hydrothermal technique at 180°C for 24h as metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under alkaline conditions. All the materials have been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreov...

Background: Methanol is regarded as a biorenewable platform feedstock because nearly all bioresources can be converted into methanol through syngas. Biological conversion of methanol using synthetic methylotrophs has thus gained worldwide attention. Results: Herein, to endow Escherichia coli with the ability to utilize methanol, an artificial linear methanol assimilation pathway was assembled i...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) typically use Nafion®, which has many drawbacks, such as high cost, crossover, and strenuous synthesis processes. As such, an alternative Nafion®-ionomer free proton conductor drawn significant interest. Graphene oxide (GOM) is a promising due to its hydrophilic nature attractive conductivity under humidified conditions. However, pristine GOMs have i...

The biological flux and lifetime of methanol in anoxic marine sediments are largely unknown. We herein reported, for the first time, quantitative methanol removal rates in subsurface sediments. Anaerobic incubation experiments with radiotracers showed high rates of microbial methanol consumption. Notably, methanol oxidation to CO2 surpassed methanol assimilation and methanogenesis from CO2/H2 a...

effect of methanol concentration and channel depth of bipolar plates on the performance of single direct methanol fuel cell was investigated experimentally. the membrane used in this experiment was nafion117. dimension of the single cell were 10cm 10 cm. methanol concentrations of 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 molar were used. channel depth of the bipolar plates were chosen to be 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mm, a...

Fuel cells have the potential to become an important energy conversion technology. Research efforts directed toward the widespread commercialization of fuel cells have accelerated in light of ongoing efforts to develop a hydrogen-based energy economy to reduce dependence on foreign oil and decrease pollution. Proton exchange membrane (also termed “polymer electrolyte membrane”) (PEM) fuel cells...

As a fundamental operator in genetic algorithms (GAs), crossover may not only make an existing schema survive, but also construct a new one from other existing schemata. Unfortunately, the existing schema theorems do not exactly quantify the positive effects of schema construction by a crossover. Consequently, they cannot well characterize the evolution of a schema. In this paper, a new ternary...

In this paper we present some theoretical results on two forms of multi-point crossover: n-point crossover and uniform crossover. This analysis extends the work from De Jong’s thesis, which dealt with disruption of n-point crossover on 2nd order hyperplanes. We present various extensions to this theory, including 1) an analysis of the disruption of n-point crossover on kth order hyperplanes; 2)...

UNLABELLED Many methylotrophic taxa harbor two distinct methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) systems for oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde: the well-studied calcium-dependent MxaFI type and the more recently discovered lanthanide-containing XoxF type. MxaFI has traditionally been accepted as the major functional MDH in bacteria that contain both enzymes. However, in this study, we present evidence tha...