Metastasis seriously affects the clinical outcome of renal cell carcinoma patients. Despite the approval of several targeted therapies that have led to an improvement in the progression-free survival rate for these patients, advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains difficult to treat. Recently, microRNAs have been found to play a critical role in the metastatic dissemination of rena...

introduction: cauda equina secondary to metastatic follicular thyroid cancer of the lumbosacral area is a rare entity.   case report: we report an unusual case of a 52-year-old male who presented with backache, lower limb weakness, and perianal numbness. a ct-scan of the lumbosacral area showed an enhancing mass at the l4, l5 and s1 vertebrae. histopathology after excision revealed a metastatic...

nonfunctional adrenocortical carcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor in children. unlike the functional tumor which is detected early due to its hormonal presentation, nonfunctional tumor is detected at a later stage. here we report a case of a 10 year old girl who presented with abdominal mass and symptoms of short duration. no hypertension and cushingoid features were seen. serum alpha...

cutaneous metastases of rectal carcinoma is a rare event. it occurs in fewer than 4% of all patients with rectal cancer. when present, it typically signifies a disseminated disease with a poor prognosis. early detection and proper diagnosis of metastatic rectal cancer can significantly alter treatment and prognosis. we report a 70-year-old male who underwent rectal resection with permanent colo...

On November 23, 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved nivolumab for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), thus opening a new era immunotherapy this tumor. This review summarizes 5-year experience studying using in RCC patients.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the neck presenting clinically as predominantly cystic lesion has often been considered as branchiogenic carcinoma in the past. However, such cystic lesions presently constitute a distinct form of head-neck metastasis, and a co-existent second metastatic focus could supposedly help distinguish them from branchiogenic carcinoma. We here present a case where, although t...

Introduction: Metastatic tumors of the temporal bone are extremely rare. Collet-Sicard syndrome is an uncommon condition characterized by unilateral palsy of the lower four cranial nerves. The clinical features of temporal bone metastasis are nonspecific and mimic infections such as chronic otitis media and mastoiditis.   Case Report: This report describes a rare case of metastatic adenocarcino...

BACKGROUND TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an immune effector molecule that functions as a selective anti-tumor agent. However, tumor cells, especially metastatic tumor cells often exhibit a TRAIL-resistant phenotype, which is currently a major impediment in TRAIL therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic effect of TNFα and IFN-γ in sensitizing metastatic...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of proximal jejunum is rare presentation, in which the diagnosis is made only after biopsy. A rare case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of jejunum with unknown primary is reported here. Case Report: A 75­year­ old female was presented with recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting. On the basis of radiological investigation, diagno...

A 68-year-old man with metastatic brain tumors from adenoendocrine carcinoma of the common bile duct is reported. A common bile duct tumor and a metastatic liver tumor had been resected 6 years and 3 years prior to admission, respectively. Microscopically they showed two components; moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. He presented with headache and vom...