In this short review we will concentrate on just one of the features of the metabolic response to injury (classified as accidental trauma, injury or sepsis) which are collectively known as the 'flow' phase. These include an increase in energy expenditure (hypermetabolism), changes in substrate utilisation (insulin resistance) and the focus of this chapter muscle wasting or catabolism. It is rec...

Immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and the proper function of each is dependent on the other. Cytokines are helpful towards the host response but potentially hazardous if uncontrollable or in excess. This review evaluated the role of cytokines in the metabolic response to surgery and the association with the new insight of enhancing recovery after surgery. Surgery is...

Acute myocardial infarction is viewed as a severe trauma causing a generalized metabolic reaction; an acute emotional stress with further metabolic implications; and a localized wound in which there is an acute increase in carbohydrate metabolism, followed by protein synthetic reactions leading to scar formation. The metabolic response is vital to the patient's successful adaptation to his myoc...

The physical demands in soccer have been studied intensively, and the aim of the present review is to provide an overview of metabolic changes during a game and their relation to the development of fatigue. Heart-rate and body-temperature measurements suggest that for elite soccer players the average oxygen uptake during a match is around 70% of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). A top-class playe...

A. D. Harris, R. A. Edden, K. Murphy, C. J. Evans, C. Y. Poon, N. Saxena, J. Hall, T. T. Liu, D. M. Bailey, and R. G. Wise Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, Cardiff University Brain Imaging Rese...

The immediate local metabolic response of the myocardium to acute regional ischemia is determined by an interaction of various influences. These include: (1) the extent of and the variability in reduction of blood flow; (2) the degree and persistence of hypoxia; and (3) the effects of local release of catecholamines, particularly in relation to loss of intracellular potassium. The subsequent me...

LIPMAN, R. L., F. ULVEDAL, W. K. BROWN, S. D. LEVERETT, F. R. LECOCQ and J. J. SCHNURE. Metabolic response to acceleration in man. Aerospace Med. 41 (3) :905-90B. 1970. The glucose analogue 2-deoxy-I)-glucose {2-1X5) was used as a means of producing intracellular bypoglycemia in eight normal male volunteer subjects during a control period, immediately following their initial exposure to acceler...

The cell danger response (CDR) is the evolutionarily conserved metabolic response that protects cells and hosts from harm. It is triggered by encounters with chemical, physical, or biological threats that exceed the cellular capacity for homeostasis. The resulting metabolic mismatch between available resources and functional capacity produces a cascade of changes in cellular electron flow, oxyg...

Forty-eight hours after unilateral nephrectomy in young male Sprague-Dawley rats the concentrations of free methionine, alanine and tyrosine in renal cortical tissue were increased by 15-65 percent while the corresponding plasma concentrations decreased by 23-35 percent. The renal cortical concentrations of valine and leucine increased by 41 percent and 26 percent while plasma concentrations re...