The coexistence of temperature changes and air pollution poses a severe global environmental issue, exacerbating health burdens. aim this study was to clarify the combined effects ambient PM2.5 cold exposure on development metabolic disorders. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: TN-FA, TN-PM, TC-FA TC-PM. then exposed concentrated or filtered (FA) under normal (22 °C) (4 e...