Label-MMAcid-Rev030410 BACKGROUND Ruminants are animals that have multiple stomachs to allow consumption and digestion of fibrous feedstuffs. Key to this digestive process is the bacterial breakdown of the fiber in the first stomach or rumen. The bacterial balance in the rumen can shift, allowing the ruminant to adapt to different diets. Ruminal bacteria convert fiber into lactate and volatile ...

Metabolic acidosis is defined as a low arterial blood pH in conjunction with a reduced serum HCO3concentration. Respiratory compensation results in a decrease in PaCO2. A low serum HCO3concentration alone is not diagnostic of metabolic acidosis because it also results from the renal compensation to chronic respiratory alkalosis. Measurement of the arterial pH differentiates between these two po...

The term renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is applied to a group of transport defects in the reabsorption of bicarbonate (HCO3 ), the excretion of hydrogen ion (H ), or both. This condition was first described in 1935 (1), confirmed as a renal tubular disorder in 1946 (2), and designated “renal tubular acidosis” in 1951 (3). The RTA syndromes are characterized by a relatively normal GFR and a metabo...

Metabolic acidosis is associated with enhanced renal ammoniagenesis which is regulated, in part, by glucocorticoids. The interaction between glucocorticoids and chronic metabolic acidosis on nitrogen utilization and muscle protein metabolism is unknown. In rats pair-fed by gavage, we found that chronic acidosis stunted growth and caused a 43% increase in urinary nitrogen and an 87% increase in ...

hypothermia is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. the aim of this prospective study was to determine the relationship between hypothermia at birth and the risk of mortality or morbidity among neonates born in imam hospital in tehran, iran. during a one-year period, body temperature was taken from all newborns using a low-reading rectal thermometer, immediately...

Metabolic acidosis is an inevitable complication associated with progressive loss of kidney function. It appears when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 25 ml/min/ 1.73 m. Metabolic acidosis arises from the difference between the excretion of hydrogen and the synthesis of ammonia ions. Damaged renal tubules cannot contribute in maintaining the acid base balance by reabsorbing the dail...

The widespread belief that intense exercise causes the production of “lactic acid” that contributes to acidosis is erroneous. In the breakdown of a glucose molecule to 2 pyruvate molecules, three reactions release a total of four protons, and one reaction consumes two protons. The conversion of 2 pyruvate to 2 lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) also consumes two protons. Thus lactate produc...

Metabolic acidosis is a condition often induced by ruminal acidosis. Identification of the specific proteolytic pathways affected by metabolic acidosis and characterization of AA concentration changes induced by metabolic acidosis in ruminants has yet to be confirmed. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis on lamb plasma AA and tissue v...

High-sucrose diet and metabolic acidosis have some similar effects on bone and they both reduce the formation of dentine. This series of experiments was conducted in order to get information about the effects of acidosis and alkalosis on dentine during primary dentinogenesis and also to ascertain if high-sucrose diet affects dentine formation via acidosis. Chronic metabolic acidosis (0.25 mol/L...

Schwaderer, Andrew L., Soundarapandian Vijayakumar, Qais Al-Awqati, and George J. Schwartz. Galectin-3 expression is induced in renal -intercalated cells during metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290: F148–F158, 2006. First published August 30, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00244.2005.—The adaptation of the cortical collecting duct (CCD) to metabolic acidosis requires the polymerizatio...