In this paper a complete state-space average model for the buck switching regulators is presented. The presented model includes the most of the regulator’s parameters and uncertainties. In modeling, the load current is assumed to be unknown, and it is assumed that the inductor, capacitor, diode and regulator active switch are non ideal and they have a resistance in conduction condition. Some ot...

The neotropical genus Potamium as described by Mitten (1869) included species that had little more in common than a growth form adapted to a semi-aquatic habitat. Brotherus divided the genus in section Eu-Potamium and section Potamiopsis, based on peristome characters. This study shows that all species of section Eu-Potamium belong to Sematophyllum, including P. lonchophyllum which was designat...

A single-inductor dualoutput (SIDO) buck converter has recently found applications in handheld battery-powered electronic devices. The circuit operation and the functional interdependencies among basic converter parameters such as dc voltage gains, transistor duty cycles, and load current levels are much more complicated than those of the singleoutput counterpart. In this project, a rigorous an...

Olfactory perception translates abstract chemical features of odorants into meaningful neural information to elicit appropriate behavioral responses (Shepherd, 1994; Buck, 1996). Specialized bipolar olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are responsible for the initial events in odor recognition. These have ciliated dendrites exposed to the environment, and a single axon that extends into the brain a...

The neutral beam injection generate ultra-high temperature energy in the tokamak of nuclear fusion. The neutral beam injection make up arc power supply, filament power supply and acceleration & deceleration power supply. The arc power supply has characteristics of low voltage and high current. Arc power supply generate arc through constant output of voltage and current. So this paper proposed s...

A modeling based on the practical switches with finite turn-on, turn-off, delay, storage and reverse recovery times is proposed. The switching effects on the state equation, system stability, dc gain and efficiency are shown for the boost, buck and buck-boost converters. The effect of switching time variation by current on system stability is given as an extension of the storage time modulation...

Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input ac mains and precisely regulated dc output in buck, boost, buck–boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. In this paper, an improved power quality converter employing con...

─The suitability of a single-stage ac-dc buck-boost converter for low-voltage applications is investigated. Indepth discussion and analysis of the converter’s operating principle, basic relationships that govern converter steadystate operation, and details of the necessary control structures needed to comply with the grid code are provided. The validity of the proposed system is confirmed using...

Based on the fact that the real inductor and the real capacitor are fractional order in nature and the fractional calculus, the transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter in a continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation are carried out in this paper. The fractional order small signal model and the corresponding equivalent circuit of the open-loop Buck converter in a ...