A 26-year-old top female athlete (height 157 cm), who took part in competitive sport similar to middle- and long-distance running, became amenorrhoeic in February 2009. In late May 2009, athletic amenorrhoea was diagnosed and a norgestrel-ethinyl estradiol combination (norgestrel 0.5 mg and ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg three times daily) was prescribed for 2 weeks. She experienced menstrual bleedi...

Background and Aim: Thyroid hormones play a significant role in physiology of normal reproductive system. dysfunction is extremely common women effect certain metabolic process menstrual irregularities. The present study aimed to assess the pattern age group their association with thyroid dysfunction. Methodology: This cross-sectional was carried out on 140 irregularities who were assessed for ...

OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to identify predictors of oligoamenorrhea at 12 months in levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) users. DESIGN A 12-month observational study. SETTING Gynecologic outpatient clinic in a large regional hospital in Flanders, Belgium. POPULATION OR SAMPLE A total of 150 women who had made an informed decision to use a LNG-IUS either as a meth...

In women, cardiac deaths attributable to tobacco exposure have reached the same high levels as men. Normally, sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) fluctuates according to the menstrual phase, but in habitual smokers, SNA levels remain constant. Our purpose is to extend these observations to other groups of women exposed to tobacco smoke and to explore potential mechanisms. We hypothesize that women...

Background: Thyroid hormones play an important role in the body. As a result, any imbalance these can affect all physiological and metabolic functions of body, including health reproductive system. Objectives: Assessing menstrual pattern investigating differences effect thyroid gland dysfunction on between case control. Methodology: A descriptive (case-control) study implemented for 100 women 1...

The aim of the study was to determine whether the tendencies and scope of changes in body mass, body composition and body girths across the menstrual cycle were similar or different in women of different body build. Anthropometric examinations were carried out in a group of 40 naturally regularly menstruated females practicing team sports (aged 19-21, B-v 169.3+/-6.4 cm, body mass 59.6+/-7.0 kg...

BACKGROUND Reproductive health services in the form of adolescent health and contraceptive services are fundamental in the prevention of a high incidence of teenage pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the age at menarche, menstrual pattern, and awareness of and use of modern contraception among secondary school girls in Abakaliki, Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND MATERIALS This was a c...

CONTEXT Although oligomenorrhea has been associated cross-sectionally with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, it is not known whether oligomenorrhea is a marker for increased future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVE To prospectively assess risk of type 2 DM in women with a history of long or highly irregular menstrual cycles. DESIGN AND SETTING The Nurses' Health Stu...

purpose oligo/amenorrhea, as a part of the female athlete triad has adverse effects on the athlete's bone mineral density (bmd) and cardiovascular system. hypoestrogenism, due to suppression of hypothalamus-pituitary axis (hpa) as a result of energy imbalance, is the possible cause of the triad. this study was designed based on following up and reassessment of elite female athletes who were dia...