The U,S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (CERL) has been investigating the development of a test methodology for evaluating the service life of roofing membrane materials. As pat of this effort, CERL conducted a study to investigate the applicability of strain energy (a mechanical test) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (a chemicat analysis) as methods for c...

the reported work is on the preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol -g- polyacrylic acid (pva-g-paa)/ polybenzimidazole sulfone (pbis) cation exchange membrane used for the electro dialysis of sodium chloride solution. the polymer syrup has been prepared using the grafting method with the help of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid in the presence of water solvent. the polymer ...

a membrane bioreactor (mbr) system based on a dead-end immersed hollow fiber membrane and filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae were used for treatment of baker’s yeast wastewater. the fungus was adapted to the wastewater in the bioreactor for two weeks before starting the continuous process. average organic loading rate of 4.2 kg cod/m3.d was entered the bioreactor. mbr system was able to redu...

Nature-inspired technology has been investigated widely. Anti biofouling properties of fish scale inpired to improve membrane performance. Biofouling affects an oil-water separation membrane. The bacterial, coagulant, and hydrophobic oils attach the surface, demanding periodic cleaning. To overcome problems, surface modification materials are introduced namely superoleophobic surface. promises ...

the term 'membrane bioreactor' expresses a combination of activated sludge and membrane separation processes. the need to processes like sedimentation and disinfection used in common methods is eliminated through mbr systems in a way that membranes are placed into or out of an aeration tank and the vacuumed wastewater created by the suction pump is pulled up from inside the membranes and leaves...

BACKGROUND In implant dentistry, bone substitute materials and barrier membranes are used in different treatments including guided bone regeneration (GBR), socket preservation, alveolar ridge augmentation, maxillary sinus elevation, and filling bony defects around the inserted dental implant. One of the most important factors in prognosis of treatments using these materials is the growth of new...

Membrane processes are used for drinking water production and medical applications to remove and/or produce viruses using organic membranes. It appears that backwashing is not sufficient all the stopped by membrane. The use of “one-shot” membranes or chlorinated solution filtration can be considered with an additional cost accelerated aging respectively. inactivation bacteria, spores has been d...

A robust and sustainable thin-film composite membrane, using green raw materials on a highly porous, electrospun biodegradable support, was developed for molecular sieving.

Health and environmental impacts of graphene-based materials need to be thoroughly evaluated before their potential applications. Graphene has strong cytotoxicity toward bacteria. To better understand its antimicrobial mechanism, we compared the antibacterial activity of four types of graphene-based materials (graphite (Gt), graphite oxide (GtO), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide ...

a pvc-based membrane containing cerium phosphate was developed. unlike the cerium phosphate itself that acts as a cation exchanger, the membrane exhibited anion-exchange properties. therefore, the utility of this compound as a sensory element for detection of molybdate ions was pursued. the response of molybdate selective electrode based on this membrane was perfectly linear in the concentratio...