Membrane technology can minimize spread of viruses in the environment during pandemics, however, its efficiency is highly limited by biofouling. In current study, a composite membrane composed commercial material, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and thermo-responsive attapulgite (t-ATP) was developed. The t-ATP synthesized surface modification (ATP) nanofiber with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ...

Membrane separation is widely used in wastewater treatment and desalination due to its high performance ability handle feed solutions of different qualities. Despite vast history success, membrane fouling remains a major system deficiency that imposes substantial process limitations by reducing permeate production increasing energy demand. Besides, chemical cleaning-in-place (CIP) adversely aff...

Biofouling is still a major challenge in the application of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. Here we present a platform approach for environmentally friendly biofouling control using a combination of a hydrogel-coated feed spacer and two-phase flow cleaning. Neutral (polyHEMA-co-PEG10MA), cationic (polyDMAEMA) and anionic (polySPMA) hydrogels have been successfully grafted onto pol...

An osmotically driven membrane process was proposed for seawater pretreatment in a multi-stage flashing (MSF) thermal plant. Brine reject from the MSF plant draw solution (DS) forward osmosis (FO) order to reduce chemical use. The purpose of FO is removal divalent ions prior desalination. In this study, at 80 g/L and 45 concentrations were used as brine seawater, respectively. temperature 40 °C...

PURPOSE We have shown previously that Bruch's membrane (BM) aging decreases retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) phagocytosis. Herein, we determine the effects of BM reengineering on RPE phagocytosis. METHODS BM explants were dissected from young and old donor eyes. Some old BM explants were reengineered by cleaning with Triton X-100 and/or coating with extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands. ARPE-19...

Fouling by natural organic matter like humic substances is one of the major factors limiting the application of microporous membranes for water production. The charge of the pore surface of membrane, which can be characterized by the streaming potential(SP) measurement as the apparent zeta potential ζ obs, has a large effect on its fouling performance. However the relationship between the fouli...

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment is currently of interest, as stringent standards have been released in order to limit the pollution emissions from energy industry, and concerns about water scarcity are also increasing. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane a promising alternative for highly efficient FGD treatment. However, fouling strongly limits its application. This study develop...

Reverse osmosis (RO) is being increasingly utilized throughout the world for desalination due to the latest improvements in RO membrane performance and its reduced cost compared to thermal desalination. In this paper, Different media and chemicals have been used for Iron removal to prevent membrane fouling of groundwater reverse osmosis plant located in Shupramant-Giza. The objective is to pres...

Abstract Photocatalytic membranes reactors have become one of the most efficient technologies to treat polluted waters. However, a major drawback is unilateral irradiation membrane, where only side membrane exploited. To overcome this issue, we developed reactor can be irradiated on both sides. Polyacrylonitrile containing different amounts TiO 2 nanoparticles up 60% were first prepared by elec...

The manufacture of egg yolk powder by spray drying requires regular cleaning in order to remove fouling deposits and prevent microbiological growth on the pasteurisation heat exchanger dryer. A life cycle assessment (LCA) study a typical manufacturing plant, using literature data, indicated that breaking, storage steps were major contributors plant’s environmental impacts rather than cleaning-i...