Brian Tierney has established himself over the course of forty-five years of writing and teaching as one of the world's leading authorities on the history of medieval canon law and political thought. In a series of foundational works, he has offered important new interpretations of the origins of Western constitutionalism, tracing many concepts believed to be modem or early modem innovations to...

Medieval European urbanization presents a line of continuity between earlier cities and modern European urban systems. Yet, many of the spatial, political and economic features of medieval European cities were particular to the Middle Ages, and subsequently changed over the Early Modern Period and Industrial Revolution. There is a long tradition of demographic studies estimating the population ...

The death of Luis Garcia Ballester while still at the height of his powers is a great loss to the world of medical history, not only in Spain. Born in Valencia into a Catalan family, he trained as a doctor, taking his MD in 1966 at Valencia. But already he was turning to a career in medical history, under the influence of J M Lopez Pifiero, with whom he collaborated from 1961 to 1971 during the...