cataract has a long history and was known about 2500 bc in egypt. in the medieval times, physicians and surgeons used surgical approaches to ease cataract (āb morvārid). albucasis, as a great spanish muslim surgeon (936-1013 ad) has a detailed and accurate description of cataract surgery procedure and patient care in his manuscript, al tasreef. his description can show surgical development to e...

[248] The passage of Greek science into Western Europe through medieval Spain has been one of the focal points of medieval intellectual history. Although the movement has been typically portrayed as a bipartite one, with translation from Greek into Arabic anteceding the flourescence of Arabic science in the ninth century, and a later phase of translation from Arabic into Latin (eleventh and twe...

The purpose of this study is to obtain demographic data regarding the medieval population buried at the Yuigahama-minami site in Kamakura, Japan, and to detect a secular trend in the life expectancy of Japanese population over the last several thousand years. The Yuigahama-minami skeletal sample consists of 260 individuals, including 98 subadults (under 20 years old) and 162 adults. A Yuigahama...

Thirty-one medieval skulls, mostly dating from the Black Death in 1348, were compared with 32 modern, untreated adults. The medieval population was unusual because the skulls could be so closely dated. Lateral skull radiographs were used for the comparison, based on the method of Seddon (1984). A method error study indicated that the measurements could be treated with reasonable confidence, alt...

In most modern populations, there are sex differentials in morbidity and mortality that favor women. This study addresses whether such female advantages existed to any appreciable degree in medieval Europe. The analyses presented here examine whether men and women with osteological stress markers faced the same risks of death in medieval London. The sample used for this study comes from the Eas...

Human lumbar vertebrae support the weight of the upper body. Loads lifted and carried by the upper extremities cause significant loading stress to the vertebral bodies. It is well established that trauma-induced vertebral fractures are common especially among elderly people. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological factors that could have affected the prevalence of trauma-rela...

To provide high availability and fault-tolerance, SDN control planes should be distributed. However, distributed control planes are challenging to design and bootstrap, especially if this is done in-band, without a dedicated control network, and without relying on legacy protocols. We present Medieval, a plug & play, distributed control plane that supports automatic topology discovery and manag...

How much did medieval lay people know about Christianity? Which religious observances were expected of them? Recent studies have often suggested that ecclesiastical expectations of the laity were relatively low overall, even if some laypeople exceeded these basic requirements. For example Norman Tanner and Sethina Watson have argued that although medieval churchmen had high aspirations for the ...

AIM To investigate the usefulness of humerus measurement for sex determination in a sample of medieval skeletons from the Eastern Adriatic Coast. Additional aim was to compare the results with contemporary female population. METHODS Five humerus measurements (maximum length, epicondylar width, maximum vertical diameter of the head, maximum and minimum diameter of the humerus at midshaft) for ...

examinations in Padua and elsewhere. The German universities followed slavishly their Italian models. Eberhard Knab, active in Heidelberg from 1451 to 1480, was not alone in leaving memorials of his teaching in the form of Quaestiones (see the Verfasserlexikon, s.n.), and the orations delivered by Melanchthon's pupils in the Wittenberg of the 1540s and 1550s, printed among his collected works, ...