In the decade of the 1990s, formal methods have progressed from an academic curiosity at best, and a target of ridicule at worst, to a point where the leading manufacturer of microprocessors has indicated that its next design will be formally veri ed. In this short paper, I sketch a plausible history of the developments that led to this transformation, present a snapshot of the current state of...

Novel mechanized silica nanoparticles incorporating a peptide-based molecular shuttle as a photo-responsive interlocked gatekeeper of nanocontainers are described including the uptake and delivery studies of a model cargo.

Computer algebra systems (CASs) and automated theorem provers (ATPs) exhibit complementary abilities. CASs focus on efficiently solving domain-specific problems. ATPs are designed to allow for the formalization and solution of wide classes of problems within some logical framework. Integrating CASs and ATPs allows for the solution of problems of a higher complexity than those confronted by each...

Computer algebra systems (CASs) and automated theorem provers (ATPs) exhibit complementary abilities. CASs focus on ee-ciently solving domain-speciic problems. ATPs are designed to allow for the formalization and solution of wide classes of problems within some logical framework. Integrating CASs and ATPs allows for the solution of problems of a higher complexity than those confronted by each c...

The self-complexation of mono-benzimidazole functionalized β-cyclodextrins was investigated. The unique molecular structure employed as supramolecular nanovalves were installed on the external surface of mesoporous silica to assemble mechanized silica nanoparticles, which showed pH-triggered release property.

Maize originated under warm, seasonally dry conditions of Mesoamerica, and was by human selection converted from a low-yielding progenitor species into its modern form, with a large rachis (cob) of the female inflorescence bearing up to 1,000 seeds. Maize is a C4 plant and is very efficient in water use. If subjected to water stress, however, especially during the mid-season pollination process...

Various business models for fecal sludge emptying and transport have been developed to address challenges their advantages documented; however, evaluation has not investigated. This study an framework, which was tested in informal settlements Kampala sustainable of transport. Through key informant interviews stakeholder consultations, service delivery from were identified included the were: hig...