during the past .. years, non-invasive .rain stimulation has .ecome an emerging .eld in clinical neuroscience due to its capability to transiently modulate corticospinal excitability, motor and cognitive functions. .hereas transcranial magnetic stimulation has .een used e.tensively since more than t.o decades ago as a potential .neuromodulator., transcranial current stimulation .tcs. has more r...

Osteocyte viability is a critical determinant of bone strength and is promoted by both mechanical stimulation and activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Earlier studies demonstrated that both stimuli promote survival of osteocytes by activating the ERKs. Here, we show that there is interaction between the caveolin-1/ERK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in the transduction of mechanical cu...

The characteristics of the matrix (composition, structure, mechanical properties) and external culture environment (pulsatile perfusion, physical stimulation) of the heart are important characteristics in the engineering of functional myocardial tissue. This study reports on the development of chitosan-collagen scaffolds with micropores and an array of parallel channels (~ 200 µm in diameter) t...

Mechanosensory neurons exhibit a wide range of dynamic changes in response, including rapid and slow adaptation. In addition to mechanical factors, electrical processes may also contribute to sensory adaptation. We have investigated adaptation of afferent neurons in the stick insect femoral chordotonal organ (fCO). The fCO contains sensory neurons that respond to position, velocity, and acceler...

Mechanical forces due to fetal movements play an important role in joint shape morphogenesis, and abnormalities of the joints relating to abnormal fetal movements can have long-term health implications. While mechanical stimulation during development has been shown to be important for joint shape, the relationship between the quantity of mechanical stimulation and the growth and shape change of...

Manchester, 1970), this electrical stimulation did not affect protein synthesis in vitro, although effects have been observed in isolated rat hemi-diaphragm (Reeds et al., 1979). However, a similar increase in tension produced by intermittent stretching (mechanical stimulation: lOOms at 3 s intervals) was associated with increased synthesis of total protein and collagen (Table 1). Where measure...

It has been reported that the synthesis, degradation, and metabolism of muscle proteins in myoblasts, as well as the proliferation and differentiation of cells, are influenced by various related to extracellular signaling molecules, such as neural transmitters, growth factors, and hormones, when muscle tissue has been exposed to mechanical stimulation. However, reports regarding the expression ...

Theanine is a non-dietary amino acid linked to the modulation of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, although the acute effects of theanine in vivo, particularly on nociceptive transmission in the trigeminal system, remain to be determined. The present study investigated whether acute intravenous theanine administration to rats attenuates the excitability of wide dynamic range ...

PURPOSE The authors investigated intercellular communication among cultured rat retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells isolated from dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats by studying the conduction of the [Ca2+]i wave elicited by mechanical stimulation. The effect of protein phosphorylation was measured by modulating the protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA), and tyrosine kin...

Although we recently reported that intravenous administration of resveratrol suppresses trigeminal nociception, the precise peripheral effect of resveratrol on nociceptive and non-nociceptive mechanical stimulation-induced trigeminal neuron activity in vivo remains to be determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether local subcutaneous administration of resveratrol attenuat...