Traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models deal with measurement of relative efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) in which multiple-inputs consumed to produce multiple-outputs. One of the drawbacks of these models is neglecting internal processes of each system, which may have intermediate products and/or independent inputs and/or outputs. In this paper some methods which are usab...

longitudinal heat conduction is an important parameter in the cryogenic field, especially in cryogenic heat exchangers. in the present work, the parasitic effect of tube wall longitudinal heat conduction on temperature measurement has been studied in cryogenic laminar hydrogen flow. the effects of various parameters such as wall cold end temperature, wall thermal conductivity, gas volumetric fl...

background a model of quality management called strategic collaborative quality management (scqm) model was developed based on the quality management literature review, the findings of a survey on quality management assessment in healthcare organisations, semi-structured interviews with healthcare stakeholders, and a delphi study on healthcare quality management experts. the purpose of this stu...

background: monte carlo (mc) modeling of a linear accelerator is a prerequisite for monte carlo dose calculations in external beam radiotherapy. in this study, a simple and efficient model was developed for elekta sl-25 linear accelerator using mcnp4c monte carlo code materials and methods: the head of elekta sl-25 linac was simulated for 6 and 18 mv photon beams using mcnp4c mc code. energy sp...

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are in growing attention in recent power systems because of their paramount abilities in state estimation. PMUs are placed in existing power systems where there are already installed conventional measurements, which can be helpful if they are considered in PMU optimal placement. In this paper, a method is proposed for optimal placement of PMUs incorporating conve...